Japan’s Development & History

Those legends that give the historical backdrop of Japan shows that, Japan was established in 600 BC by the sovereign called Jimmu. Jimmu is supposed to be an immediate relative of sun goddess, and furthermore the current decision precursor of the supreme family.Japan embraced the Chinese composing framework, along with the Buddhism religion. This really got an impact to the Japanese culture. The Japanese indigenous culture depends on the sovereign idea, and has Buddhism as the point of convergence. The way of life in the Japan entered in progressive waves in the continent.Different ideas in Japan that has come about go into past, involves all the human exercises indication from the second the man originally populated the archipelago of Japan.Research has demonstrated that during the Pleistocene time frame Japan was possessed. The individuals who hindered Japan during those occasions abandoned social stays, for example, chipped stones. The chipped actualizes of this time are arranged into four gatherings. The principal class comprises of the shale center implements.The shale center actualize for some situation are characterized as hand tomahawks. The subsequent classification is the obsidian and piece shale executes. These some way or another comprise of the upper European Paleolithic modern drops. The third categopry involves the initiate. This much of the time is related to the Solutrean of the Europe. The last gathering is made by the sharp edge executes. These actualizes have their microlithic extent examples expanding progressively.The culture of Japan came to fruition in the time of Yayoi. The current anthropologists contend out that, Japanese are immediate relatives of the Jomon individuals. The Jomon culture in Japan is partitioned into five periods. These periods incorporate the: most punctual, early, center, late and most recent stage. The period of the most punctual Jomon was commanded by base pointed connoid potteries.The second period of Jomon was described by the round and hollow stonewares of a sinewy temper. The third stage, that is, the center stage was described by the development of the social subareas: focal, northeastern, and southeastern.The center period of culture in Japan thought of huge numbers of issues. In the late stage, three unmistakable subareas are covered by stoneware that was string denoted that is dark or dim, meager walled and all around terminated. Â At present a large portion of the social practices in Japan are like those of china (Shenfield, 1998, pp 55).The relationship that exists between dialects is communicated by correspondence in: jargon, syntactic structure, as validated by the law of phonetic. In Japan, concerning sentence structure, it is very unique to Austroasian, Chinese, and Austronesian.However, Japan has some basic comparability in its language with the Altaic gathering. Japanese and Korean offer numerous sentence structure focuses just as an antiquated vowel agreement use. They lik ewise share in any event 200 cognates of vocabulary.The semantics information of Japanese can be followed back to the third century A.D. be that as it may, came to be progressively after the ninth century. When contrasted and the neighboring language the Japanese language is in a superior state. To contrast them and the antiquated Japanese is hard. The purpose behind this appears to legitimize the substantial variety along a running cline from southeastern to north eastern (Shenfield, 1998, pp. 57).In the procedure of its turn of events, in 1542 Japan began to encounter contact with the western nations, for example, Netherlands, England, Spain, and Portugal. The principle focus on these nations coming to Japan was to exchange with Japan.Later in seventeenth century Japan understood that the dealers and the evangelists from the west nations were being utilized as military triumph trailblazers by the European forces. This prompted shogunates to put extremely close limitations on the o utsiders. At last, this constrained those outsiders who remained in Japan to leave.This banished the connection between the Japan and the outside nations with the exception of the china and Dutch vendors. The limitation went on for a long time, when Matthew Perry of the United States naval force sought exchange so Japan could be opened for the west.The restored contact with the west following quite a while significantly changed the Japanese society. There was reclamation of the sovereign into power as the shogunate surrendered. The 1868 Meiji reclamation acquired such a significant number of changes in Japan.There was abolishment of primitive framework, selection of a few western foundations which incorporated the administration constitution along with the parliamentary lines, and the western training and lawful frameworks (Mulgan, 2000, pp. 70).

The Lost Symbol Chapter 93-97

Part 93 Franklin Square is situated in the northwest quadrant of downtown Washington, circumscribed by K and Thirteenth avenues. It is home to numerous noteworthy structures, most eminently the Franklin School, from which Alexander Graham Bell sent the world's first remote message in 1880. High over the square, a quick moving UH-60 helicopter drew nearer from the west, having finished its excursion from the National Cathedral surprisingly fast. A lot of time, Sato thought, peering down at the square underneath. She realized it was important that her men got into position undetected before their objective showed up. He said he wouldn't be here for at any rate twenty minutes. On Sato's order, the pilot played out a â€Å"touch-hover† on the top of the tallest structure aroundâ€the famous One Franklin Squareâ€a transcending and renowned place of business with two gold towers on top. The move was unlawful, obviously, yet the chopper was there just a couple of moments, and its slips scarcely contacted the rock housetop. When everybody had leaped out, the pilot promptly lifted off, banking toward the east, where he would move to â€Å"silent altitude† and offer imperceptible help from above. Sato held up as her field group gathered their things and arranged Bellamy for his assignment. The Architect was all the while looking shocked from having seen the record on Sato's protected PC. As I said . . . an issue of national security. Bellamy had immediately comprehended Sato's importance and was currently completely agreeable. â€Å"All set, ma'am,† Agent Simkins said. On Sato's order, the specialists guided Bellamy over the housetop and vanished down a flight of stairs, heading for ground level to take up their positions. Sato strolled to the edge of the structure and looked down. The rectangular lush park underneath filled the whole square. A lot of spread. Sato's group completely comprehended the significance of making an undetected block. On the off chance that their objective detected a nearness here and concluded just to sneak away . . . the chief would not like to consider it. The breeze up here was breezy and cold. Sato folded her arms over herself, and planted her feet solidly to abstain from getting blown over the edge. From this high vantage point, Franklin Square looked littler than she reviewed, with less structures. She pondered which building was Eight Franklin Square. This was data she had mentioned from her investigator Nola, from whom she anticipated word at any second. Bellamy and the operators currently showed up, appearing as though ants fanning out into the dimness of the lush zone. Simkins situated Bellamy in a clearing close to the focal point of the abandoned park. At that point Simkins and his group dissolved into the normal spread, vanishing from see. In practically no time, Bellamy was distant from everyone else, pacing and shuddering in the light of a streetlamp close to the focal point of the recreation center. Sato had no sympathy. She lit a cigarette and took a long drag, appreciating the glow as it penetrated her lungs. Fulfilled that everything beneath was all together, she ventured once again from the edge to anticipate her two telephone callsâ€one from her examiner Nola and one from Agent Hartmann, whom she had sent to Kalorama Heights. Part 94 Slow down! Langdon held the rearward sitting arrangement of the Escalade as it flew around a corner, taking steps to tip up on two tires. CIA operator Hartmann was either anxious to flaunt his driving abilities to Katherine, or he had requests to get to Peter Solomon before Solomon sufficiently recovered to state anything he shouldn't state to the nearby specialists. The rapid round of beat-the-red-light on Embassy Row had been troubling enough, yet now they were hustling through the winding private neighborhood of Kalorama Heights. Katherine yelled bearings as they went, having been to this current man's home prior that evening. With each turn, the calfskin sack at Langdon's feet shook to and fro, and Langdon could hear the bang of the capstone, which had plainly been jolted from the highest point of the pyramid and was currently ricocheting around in the base of his pack. Dreading it may get harmed, he angled around inside until he discovered it. It was still warm, however the sparkling content had now blurred and vanished, coming back to its unique etching: The mystery stows away inside The Order. As Langdon was going to put the capstone in a side pocket, he saw its exquisite surface was secured with minuscule white gobs of something. Confused, he attempted to clear them off, however they were adhered on and hard to the touch . . . like plastic. What on the planet? He could now observe that the outside of the stone pyramid itself was additionally secured with the little white spots. Langdon utilized his fingernail and took one out, moving it between his fingers. â€Å"Wax?† he shouted. Katherine looked behind her. â€Å"What?† â€Å"There are bits of wax everywhere throughout the pyramid and capstone. I don't get it. Where could that have come from?† â€Å"Something in your sack, maybe?† â€Å"I don't think so.† As they adjusted a corner, Katherine pointed through the windshield and went to Agent Hartmann. â€Å"That's it! We're here.† Langdon looked up and saw the turning lights of a security vehicle left in a carport up ahead. The carport door was pulled aside and the specialist gunned the SUV inside the compound. The house was a breathtaking manor. Each light inside was burning, and the front entryway was fully open. About six vehicles were left randomly in the carport and on the grass, obviously having shown up in a rush. A portion of the vehicles were all the while running and had their headlights sparkling, most on the house, yet one awry, for all intents and purposes blinding them as they drove in. Operator Hartmann slipped to a stop on the yard adjacent to a white car with a splendidly hued decal: PREFERRED SECURITY. The turning lights and the high shafts in their face made it difficult to see. Katherine quickly leaped out and hustled for the house. Langdon hurled his pack onto his shoulder without setting aside the effort to zip it up. He followed Katherine nice and easy over the yard toward the open front entryway. The hints of voices resounded inside. Behind Langdon, the SUV peeped as Agent Hartmann bolted the vehicle and rushed after them. Katherine limited up the yard steps, through the fundamental entryway, and vanished into the gateway. Langdon crossed the limit behind her and could see Katherine was at that point moving over the lobby and down the fundamental passage toward the sound of voices. Past her, obvious toward the finish of the corridor, was a lounge area table where a lady in a security uniform was sitting with her back to them. â€Å"Officer!† Katherine yelled as she ran. â€Å"Where is Peter Solomon?† Langdon hurried after her, however as he did as such, a startling development got his attention. To one side, through the lounge window, he could see the carport door was presently swinging closed. Odd. Something different grabbed his attention . . . something that had been escaped him by the glare of the turning lights and the blinding high pillars when they drove in. The about six vehicles left heedlessly in the carport looked in no way like the squad cars and crisis vehicles Langdon had envisioned they were. A Mercedes? . . . a Hummer? . . . a Tesla Roadster? Right then and there, Langdon likewise understood the voices he heard in the house were only a TV blasting toward the lounge area. Wheeling in moderate movement, Langdon yelled down the corridor. â€Å"Katherine, wait!† Yet, as he turned, he could see that Katherine Solomon was done running. She was airborne. Section 95 Katherine Solomon realized she was falling . . . be that as it may, she was unable to make sense of why. She had been running a few doors down toward the security watch in the lounge area when abruptly her feet had gotten ensnared in an imperceptible deterrent, and her whole body had swayed forward, cruising through the air. Presently she was coming back to earth . . . for this situation, a hardwood floor. Katherine slammed down on her stomach, the breeze driven brutally from her lungs. Over her, an overwhelming coat tree wavered problematically and afterward toppled over, scarcely missing her on the floor. She raised her head, despite everything heaving for breath, confounded to see that the female security watch in the seat had not moved the slightest bit. More odd still, the toppled coat tree seemed to have a meager wire joined to the base, which had been extended over the lobby. Why on the planet would somebody . . . ? â€Å"Katherine!† Langdon was yelling to her, and as Katherine moved onto her side and glanced back at him, she felt her blood go to ice. Robert! Behind you! She attempted to shout, yet she was all the while panting for breath. Everything she could do was watch in startling moderate movement as Langdon surged a few doors down to support her, totally unconscious that behind him, Agent Hartmann was faltering over the edge and grasping his throat. Blood showered through Hartmann's hands as he grabbed at the handle of a long screwdriver that projected from his neck. As the operator pitched forward, his assailant came into full view. My God . . . no! Bare aside from an odd underwear that resembled an undergarment, the monstrous man had obviously been covering up in the hall. His strong body was secured from head to toe with unusual tattoos. The front entryway was swinging shut, and he was surging a few doors down after Langdon. Specialist Hartmann hit the floor similarly as the front entryway hammered shut. Langdon looked surprised and spun around, yet the inked man was at that point on him, pushing a gadget into his back. There was a glimmer of light and a sharp electrical sizzle, and Katherine saw Langdon go unbending. Eyes solidified wide, Langdon swayed forward, crumbling down in an incapacitated store. He fell hard on his calfskin pack, the pyramid tumbling out onto the floor. Without even a look down at his casualty, the inked man ventured over Langdon and set out straightforwardly toward Katherine. She was at that point slithering in reverse into the lounge area, where she c

Gun Control4 essays

Firearm Control4 articles In todays society, one of the serious issues we face is the utilization, and abuse of firearms. Firearms are savage weapons that can change a people life truly and inwardly, generally when it isn't utilized appropriately. Numerous individuals have in any event one handgun either in handbags or in homes for assurance, while others own firearms for their own pleasure. Regardless of the way that a firearm can ensure an individual during self-protection, it can likewise be perilous in light of the fact that it can damage and execute somebody. On the off chance that a firearm is kept at home, the possibility of an individual hurting a relative other than an interloper, is multiple times higher (Bender 140). Despite the fact that it might fill in as a security to an individual, it can likewise be abused. This is the reason it should just be constrained to the utilization of specialists, for example, the administration, marines and the police. Demise by weapons is extremely regular in America. Now and then the casualties are popular individuals like Ronald Regan, or President Lincoln. Regularly the casualty is a conventional resident, for example, a family member or companion (Newton 7). This is one motivation behind why the utilization of firearms should just be restricted to specialists. The individuals who own a firearm may have direction, and that is, to ensure oneself, while others use it against one another. Claiming a firearm may spare lives during a thievery, however it will likewise put many individuals in danger. An individual who is separated from everyone else around evening time may speculate a gatecrasher wandering around the house and takes shots at the suspect, not realizing that it was only a companion. Weapons that are kept at home are frequently inadvertently utilized against family or companions (Bernards 59). Another way that weapons are regularly utilized against one another is when brutality and cont entions turn crazy. An individual wild won't think and pull out a firearm to attempt to take care of the issue. More mishaps happen when one uses their own handguns than avoidance of criminal assault (Bender 140). Claiming a firearm can likewise get under the control of an off-base individual. A kid probably won't realize that the weapon he is ... <! Weapon Control4 papers Weapon control is an issue that has been bantered by Americans since the 1960s (Dolan 1). The discussion addresses the privilege of Americans to remain battle ready, this including, handguns, shotguns, and rifles. Some state a straightforward limitation of these arms is all together while some figure they ought to be restricted by and large (Dolan 1). The two sides hold solid feelings regularly causing struggle in the issue and disarray among the residents of the United States. In any case, the adversaries do concur that a demise pace of 30 million per year because of the ground-breaking and fatal weapon is excessively high; just they have various perspectives on the best way to bring down this rate. These arms, demonstrated by insights, give the aftereffect of 30 million killings, suicides, and incidental passings every year (Dolan 1). The quantity of guns is assessed to be more than 150 million and dwarf the entirety of our own vehicles, trucks, and transports by in excess of 25 million (Dolan 7). An enormous level of these guns are held by half of the countries families that generally use them for the legal insurance of their homes and will in all probability never be utilized (Dolan 7). Also, the millions more are kept by capable athletes for chasing, trapshooting, and sport shooting, this was an answer from Dolan to an English guest to America, who was flabbergasted by the figures of guns (7). Id state that the United States is an equipped camp, said the English guest (Dolan 7). In despondence to Dolans shielding the a large number of firearms claimed by residents for security or game, the Englishman stated, One hundred and fifty million weapons. It doesnt matter what theyre utilized for. I theyre stacked someones bound to get hurt.(Dolan 7-8). America has one of the most noteworthy demise rates because of weapons, be that as it may, firearm passings are on the ascent in different nations, for example, Great Britain, France, Germany, and Australia (Hawkes 4). In the United States handguns are utilized in more than 184,00... <!

An Outline of Research Paper is an Important Part of Writing a Paper

An Outline of Research Paper is an Important Part of Writing a PaperWhile writing an outline of research paper is a tough task, it can be an important step to ensure that you put in the required effort to finish the work that you want to do. In order to give your outline the proper shape and direction, here are some tips that you can follow.The first thing that you should do is define what you are going to write about in your research paper. This is the first and foremost step in ensuring that your outline is in the correct format. It is often difficult to determine if your research paper is very important and you are doing the right thing or whether it should be written down in a brief manner that does not make sense.In this case, it is important to have a solid outline of research paper that you can follow. When it comes to organizing your research paper, you should start with the header and footer section. At the end of each of these sections, you should find a short summary of th e data that you are going to present. Keep in mind that this information will become part of your paper.While writing your outline of research paper, you need to make sure that you are providing enough information. Do not go overboard with it. You do not want to use your outline as a laundry list. It is better to summarize what you have said briefly in a few sentences.For your outline of research paper, you can decide to split it into sections and then fill them up as you go. Start by taking out all of the information that you think you do not need. Write down the information that you will include in the introduction of your research paper and also write down the things that you will consider in the body of the paper.Once you have decided on the outline of research paper, you should always be consistent when writing. It is important to stick to the style that you have given to yourself. Stick to it for a while and the tone of your research paper will change.With the outline of resea rch paper in place, you can easily add other sections where you will talk about the sources that you will use. But before this, it is important to understand the importance of having a clear outline. It will help you get through the research work better and you will get a better idea about what your research paper will look like.

Essay on Racism - 1251 Words

Racism Racism has often played a central role in conflicts between groups of people. Racism is the intentional or unintentional use of power to isolate, separate and exploit others as defined in the Webster dictionary. People generally respond to others differently based on what they know, which may include superficial characteristics often associated with race. This paper will express my opinion of how racism will effect America. I will base information from Webster’s definition of Racism, reading assigned for the course, and some of my own ideas on ways to overcome this obstacle as a nation. Racism has historically been defined as the belief that race is the primary determinant of human capacities, that a certain race is inherently†¦show more content†¦This is like asking a man to forsake his own children and love the children of his neighbors, since to do otherwise would be racist. The point of this argument should be obvious: There is only one nonarbitrary point at which such a line may be drawn, and that is at the community of all the human beings on the planet. Given the increasingly integrated, globalized era in which we live, and the ecological, social and economic problems requiring resolution, the task will be to create institutions at the global level which will provide space to debate and deal with those problems in ways consistent with the cosmopolitan liberal commitment. At Neumann, students are taught a well rounded curriculum to excel regardless of ethnicity. Many of the classes taken at this college are centered around individual thought and expression. Neumann goal is to welcome or embrace diversity. While attending various other colleges, this was not the focus or goal of the college. Neumann broadens ones horizons to look beyond the visual that one see and focus on the person as a whole without any reference to race, gender, or nationality. Fredricksons analysis is probably one of the most direct and functional definitions of racism of our times. He put it out in the for front to be read by all In reading, this writer felt as if he feels that racism can easily become interchangeable with religious bigotry when facing corporatism that aims to alienate and devalue humanShow MoreRelatedRacism : Racism And Racism1544 Words   |  7 PagesTo understand whether or not racism is learnt, we first have to divulge into the nature of racism. It is usually assumed that racism has been a part of civilisation since civilisation started, that it is embedded into how people work and that no matter what, it will always exist. 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It is the enemy of freedom, and it deserves to be met head-on and stamped out.† - Pierre Berton Racism is the unjust hate for any people who are simply different for a various array of reasons. It is all around us and always will be, but that does not give us the right to be passive on the subject. This discrimination against culturally diverse people is hurting our â€Å" land of the free†, one racist remark at a time.Read MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1181 Words   |  5 PagesThis issue of racism is popular by name but tends to be sugar coated by the way people see it. In order to truly understand racism you need to take a bite into the topic in order to get a taste of what it is really like. Racism comes in many different forms and can be seen many different ways. But why even care about racism at all? Why does it even matter? One would think that with such a harsh background regarding racism in America it would no longer exist in society today. But sadly that is notRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism989 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in America Racism discrimination has been one of our society’s most horrible social problems. In the words of the famous Martin Luther King judging an individual by the color of their skin rather than the content of their character can be a very dehumanizing experience that can have lasting effects on an individual life. Racism in America has not come to a cease. Racism promotes negative personal relations between people of different cultures. I believe slavery started around the 1500sRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism996 Words   |  4 PagesCovert Racism Introduction Racism; ‘the belief that races have distinctive cultural characteristics determined by hereditary factors and that this endows some races with an intrinsic superiority over others’ (Collins English Dictionary 2012) and thus leading to ‘abusive or aggressive behaviour towards members of another race on the basis of such a belief’ (Collins English Dictionary 2012). Over time, racism has transformed from a blatant and overt form into a passive style of prejudice and discriminationRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1094 Words   |  5 PagesRacism has been an issue that has caused controversial debates for years. It is a topic that stirs up lots of emotions within people and continues to be an argument for all. When there has been a shooting between a white and a colored or a cop and a colored person, people blame it on racism. They state that since the white cop shot the black man it simply means the cop was racist. Then the people want to speak that justice needs to be served and the cop needs to be put in prison or released fromRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1751 Words   |  8 PagesRacism Social Justice Topic Issue Corbin Metz H R – 3013 University of Oklahoma Racism Social Justice Topic Issue Today in our society, racism is a very popular social justice topic issue, which affects many of the lives of those around us on a daily basis. Individuals as well as organizations and institutions widely commit the act of racism and these issues are embedded in their policies, procedures, and practices (Calgary). The first signs of racism beginning to arise in the worldRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1971 Words   |  8 PagesRacism has come to be a very important topic in today’s society. Many are talking about the injustices when it comes mostly when it comes to African-Americans and Caucasians in authority. Many have deemed the incidents of Trayvon Martin, Freddie Gray, Sandra Bland, Walter Scott, Akai Gurley, Tamir Rice, the Spring Valley High School video, and even the Charleston Shooting to name a few as reactions to racism. Out of the people talking about these events, only a few really know the meaning of racismRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism2243 Words   |  9 PagesRacism, a topic which has become especially touchy in modern times. It is quite clear that racism is alive not only in the United States, but across the globe. Though the topic is widely talked about, nobody really does anything to stop it. People will be quick to elaborate on the fact that it should be stopped, then make no changes themselves. Yet do they truly understand the concepts of racism and what it really means to be racist? Granted everybody understands that it is racist to hate a group

I Am A Student For All Intents And Purposes - 1465 Words

I have selected a student that for all intents and purposes, I will call her Zaire who is 16 years old. She is from Mexico City. However, she has dual citizenship because her parents are both from Denver. It kind of surprised me when I found out she spoke minimal English because she looks like she is from Northern Ireland, with red hair and blue eyes. Her parents had been missionaries and lived in various parts of Mexico until about 3 years ago. According to Zaire, her family spent roughly 16 years living in Mexico returning only long enough to renew Visas. Her mom and dad spoke English in the home while they lived in Mexico however her education was in Spanish and because of that she knows very basic conversational English. Her ACCESS score is a level 3 meaning that her English skills are developing and she requires visual supports to help her fully summarize key concepts in class. She has two brothers one older and one younger. Zaire’s older brother was born here and start ed school before the family moved to Mexico. He is 19 and speaks fluent English; he came with her to back to school night, instead of her parents. Her younger brother was born after they returned to Denver and has not started his education yet. I have not met him but, she stated that he can speak both English and Spanish. I have not had the pleasure of meeting her parents. They seem to travel frequently for work and her older brother is in charge of most of her daily activities. Zaire’s language isShow MoreRelatedPlan for Suspect Interview Pe Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesPlan for Suspect Interview PE 1. Date of Interview: 2. Student Name: 3. Class Name and Number: CITP 118-AW 4. Name of Suspect: Spencer Gavoni 5. Location of Interview: My partner and I will interview the suspect, Gavoni, at the procurement building in a traditional office setup. We will clearly communicate with his Supervisor, Carl Rodgers, and request an office to use. 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In addition, an effective learning environment includes an understanding of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island students learning needs and incorporates differentiated teaching methods to meet the needs o f specific students’ abilities (1.4 - 1.5 AITSL, 2011). Therefore, toRead MoreApplication Of The Program : Conscious Discipline1640 Words   |  7 Pagesteacher, I am often tasked with growing students who have not achieved much success in the traditional classroom structure. Often times my students do not respond well to typical behavior management strategies. These students tend to be highly emotional and reactive in their responses to stimuli as opposed to working through those situations in a rational process. Last year Harrison County offered a three-part Conscious Discipline training led by Donna Porter and the infamous D.J. Batiste. I foundRead MoreMr. Vernon Howard Intersects Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesprovide beneficial information for current undergraduate students. 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I am writing concerning this issue because of my desire to share with

Managing People And Organisation Renew Beauty Clinic

Question: Describe about the Managing People And Organisation for Renew Beauty Clinic. Answer: Introduction The problem identified in the case study reflects on the dissent among employees at the Renew Beauty Clinic due to the strict regulations implemented by the new food services managers, Bruce Gillespie. The staff members, especially the kitchen staff, under the supervision of Bruce feel that the leadership has become autocratic (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The origin of the problem could be validated in context of the death of the previous manager, Brian Jackson, who was known for following a democratic leadership style and implementing a friendly atmosphere in the workplace. The lack of motivation among employees has caused in several detriments for the clinic, the foremost being the degradation of service and food quality. Problem Identification and Analysis: Evidence from the case study indicating the problem include the inclusion of assembly lines, limitations on timing of coffee and lunch breaks, separation of responsibilities and appointing the kitchen staff for certain tasks of cleaners. The new manager, Bruce, introduced starting and finishing times for the employees alongside new conditions for compensation on the basis of overtime work. The preference of Bruce for monthly planning of menus as well as selecting specific meals for particular days of the week are also prominent evidences of the factors which led to dissent among employees (Burke Noumair, 2015). The shifting of responsibilities of cleaning staff to the kitchen staff also accounted for the problem identified in the case study of Renew Beauty clinic. The outcomes could also be perceived as the evidence for the happening incident in the case study. The increasing number of sick leaves, confusion among workers and limited conversation among employees could be considered as profound evidence of the lack of motivation among employees. The conflict between the newly appointed kitchen supervisor, Leslie McCardle, and one of the skilled kitchen staff, Ms. Tara ONeill, is also an evidence of the friction between employee motivation and leadership style adopted by the new food services manager (Bush Middlewood, 2013). Impact of the problem on Renew Beauty Clinic: The problem identified in the case study has consequential outcomes for the organization in the case study i.e. Renew Beauty Clinic. The formality among employees increased and could be observed in the compliance of employees to the starting and finishing times specified by Bruce. Employees became so formal that they left work at the specified finishing time, even when the work was not completed (Clegg, Kornberger Pitsis, 2015). The communication among employees also reduced to minimum as a result of the strict work regimen implemented by Bruce. The impact of Bruces autocratic leadership style was also reflected in pressure on employees due to aggravation of tasks and thus employees were frequently subjected to illnesses. The assembly lines and monthly menus established by Bruce also created ambiguity of responsibilities which subsequently resulted in delays in preparation of food. Furthermore, the other staff members and patients started complaining about the taste of the food and degradation in standards of food served as compared to that was provided earlier (Coombs, 2014). In addition, to the existing impacts of the problem faced by the organization, the potential implications for resignations and imminent issues also serve as pitfalls for the organization due to the identified problem i.e. an inappropriate leadership style followed by the new manager, Bruce. Statement of Major problem: The primary cause of the problem can be observed in the military career of the new food services manager, Bruce. The perception of a friendly workplace atmosphere as inefficient and detrimental to productivity by the manager has led to the proliferation of several complications in the organizations kitchen operations (Cusworth Franks, 2013). The arrangement of assembly lines and monthly menus as well as assessment measures for increasing productivity implemented by Bruce can be considered as prolific measures for the organizations management. However, Bruce has failed to offer a supportive framework to the employees for coping with newly established regulations and thus irregularities are bound to arise. Furthermore, the orders of Bruce to refrain from consuming any food in the kitchen disturbed employees as they were used to having lunch and coffee at a large table in the kitchen corner. Even though Bruce implemented the measure for preserving hygiene, employees perceive it as a di ctatorial imposition (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). Management theory for explaining the problem: The management theory which can be used for describing the problem identified in the case study is related to selection of an appropriate leadership style. Leadership styles have been promising elements of business management as they are considerable determinants of employee motivation and performance (Kirton Greene, 2015). The strict regulations implemented by Bruce Gillespie can be validated by the use of autocratic leadership style in which the leader or the manager communicates objectives and tasks to employees without any consultation or consideration of employee preferences. Supporting research: Research in the form of secondary information enabled the interpretation of causes for the problem identified in the case study. The secondary information comprised of literature related to business management and research activity executed by academics and scholars (Martin Siebert, 2016). The research enabled recognition of the disparities between distinct leadership styles such as democratic, autocratic and participative leadership styles. Thus, the research allowed identification of the relevance of business management theory to the case study. Generation Evaluation of Range of Alternative solutions: Appointment of a mentor in order to assist Bruce in changing his leadership style according to the preference of the situation. Replacement of Bruce as the food service manager and appointing a new manager is also a potential remedy for the identified problem Implementation of control over decision making authority of Bruce by the senior management. Introducing weekly and monthly review meetings involving Bruce, kitchen staff and the director of the organization Mrs. Alison Drum in order to identify and resolve potential sources of friction consistently (Stark, 2015) Improvisation of physical infrastructure of the organization such as spacious dining table or an employee lounge with seating facilities as well as hiring competent support staff to coordinate the activities of staff in absence of the food service manager (Senge, 2014). Evaluation of first alternative: Appointing a mentor for the newly appointed manager, Bruce Gillespie, in order to inform him about the preferences for leadership in the organization as well as with respect to the employees is the first alternative (Stark, 2015). Mentoring has been widely perceived as the most promising resource to induce experience in an individual. The clinic could prefer the selection of an experienced manager from another department of the organization in order to communicate the organization specific management paradigms to Bruce. Bruce should be informed that the operations of a clinic are different from that of the army and hence the imposition of strict regulations and adopting an autocratic leadership style could result in complicacies as evident in the case study (Stone, 2013). The mentor would help Bruce in changing his managerial style through integration of a participative approach as followed by Brian, the previous manager. The mentor could also describe the impact of participative leadership style in their departments in order to explain it significance in context of the present problem faced by Bruce and the organization (Thomson Thomson, 2012). The advantages of mentoring include the following: Explaining the significance of participative leadership style to Bruce would assist him in recognizing the causes for inefficiency of employees in event of his newly implemented regulations. This would help Bruce in resolving the questions which arise with respect to the supervisory measures followed by him. The participative leadership style has been successful in sustaining productivity of employees as observed in the case of Brian. Bruce could implement the participative leadership in order to ensure that employees cope with the new regulations amiably without any formidable restraints. The illustration of participative leadership in other departments by the mentor could also help Bruce in considering the potential outcomes of participative leadership in his department i.e. kitchen (Watson, 2013). This would also enable him to identify the relevant skills of individual employees and thus the idea of assembly lines can be implemented effectively alongside increment of productivity as desired by Bruce. The disadvantage can be illustrated as: The military background of Bruce could be a potential barrier in case of appointing a mentor for him. The experience of 20 years in the military possessed by Bruce could cause apprehensions related to working under a mentor. Adopting a comparatively new leadership style can be difficult for Bruce and the proficiency of Bruce in managing as per a new leadership style could be easily brought under question. The participative leadership style accounts for collecting opinions from employees and it may not be possible for Bruce to incorporate the suggestions of individual employees in his managerial approach (Wolf, 2012). Supporting research for the solution indicates that the solution of appointing a mentor for transitioning Bruces leadership style into participative has been supported in various research activities. Secondary research is the prominent resource for validating the solution as participative approach has been associated with efficient change management. The case study depicts a formidable example of organizational change in which the leader i.e. Bruce has to convince the employees and motivate them for accepting the change (World Health Organization, 2016). Discussion with employees as a part of participative leadership contributes to the transparent communication between employees and manager, thereby strengthening the authority of the manager and respect of employees for managers decisions. Evaluation of second alternative: Replacement of Bruce with a new food services manager could also be considered as a plausible option for the problem. In event of the complications arising due to the leadership style of Bruce and the conflicts arising due to it, replacing Bruce with a new manager could be a promising solution. The management of the clinic must consider the recruitment of a new and experienced manager in kitchen supervision (Stark, 2015). The new manager should be selected on the basis of a revised job description. The job description is revised on the basis of comprehensive job analysis in order to recognize the tasks, responsibilities, objectives and behaviour of a food service manager The advantages could be noticed as follows: The recruitment of a new manager would ensure relief for employees as they are highly unsatisfied with Bruces behaviour. This could contribute to higher employee involvement and performance. Selection of candidates for the job of food services manager on the basis of a revised job description would ensure recruitment of a candidate who is the right fit for the job. The newly appointed manager also has the opportunity to implement skills and experience in limiting the regulations implemented by Bruce, thereby inducing the workplace atmosphere as prevalent during the time of Brian Jackson as the food service manager (Martin Siebert, 2016). The disadvantages of the solution include: The process of recruitment involves substantial investment in the advertisement, selection and training processes. Expulsion of Bruce from the present job would also entail another investment in the form of a severance pay since Bruces contract would have to be terminated in advance of the stipulated period. The position of food services manager would remain vacant till the recruitment of a new manager. Therefore, the kitchen department could be subject to severe irregularities in absence of a managerial authority. Furthermore, there is no specific validation related to the efficiency of the new manager. Supporting research for the solution suggests that the functional aspects of an organization are realized with the help of human resources of an organization. The employees in the clinic are perceived as the human resources of Renew Beauty Clinic. Motivation is an imperative requirement for employee performance as identified in business management theories. Therefore, the organization could not risk the performance of employees for the strict regulations implemented by Bruce (Kirton Greene, 2015). Furthermore, the loyalty of long term employees is also affected due to the actions of Bruce and hence his expulsion serves as an appropriate solution to the problem identified in the case study. Recommendation: The recommended solution for the problem is to replace Bruce with a new manager. The solution will have a direct impact on the psyche of employees as they would be content with the decision of Bruces removal (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). The new manager would be selected according to predefined criteria of participative leadership style. Hence employees could be motivated since they would be able to express their opinions and thus the previous friendly atmosphere can be restored in the kitchen department. Implementation The solution would facilitate higher level of motivation in employees since the new manager would consider fulfilment of minimal needs such as coffee and lunch breaks as well as communication among employees. Inhibition of strict rules could enable employees to complete their tasks on time as well as efficiently (Martin Siebert, 2016). The improved morale of employees also contributes to the competence of manager who can introduce innovative and favourable strategies to improve customer service. The solution would enable restoration of previous standards of food quality, thereby enhancing customer satisfaction. Evidence for feasibility of solution: The example of Brian Jacksons leadership style and its impact on the employees as well as the perception of Brian as a friendly leader by employees can be considered as profound evidence for the solutions feasibility in Renew Beauty Clinic. Solution in context of management theory: The management theory which could be used for explaining the solution is the implications of leadership styles in human resource management. It has been proved that participative leaders are more likely to adapt to a particular workplace environment and derive managerial efficiency without risking the integrity of the existing environment. Conclusion: Research for supporting the solution could be observed in business management literature. Recruitment of new manager with a participative approach for leadership accounts for flexible adaptability of employees to change (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). In this case, the newly appointed manager could resolve issues due to lack of motivation among employees and thus the identified problem can be inhibited effectively. References Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Burke, W.W. and Noumair, D.A., 2015.Organization development: A process of learning and changing. FT Press. Bush, T. and Middlewood, D., 2013.Leading and managing people in education. Sage. Clegg, S.R., Kornberger, M. and Pitsis, T., 2015.Managing and organizations: An introduction to theory and practice. Sage. Coombs, W.T., 2014.Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding. Sage Publications. Cusworth, J.W. and Franks, T.R., 2013.Managing projects in developing countries. Routledge. Hatch, M.J. and Cunliffe, A.L., 2013.Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Kirton, G. and Greene, A.M., 2015.The dynamics of managing diversity: A critical approach. Routledge. Martin, G. and Siebert, S., 2016.Managing people and organizations in changing contexts. Routledge. Senge, P.M., 2014.The dance of change: The challenges to sustaining momentum in a learning organization. Crown Business. Stark, J., 2015. Product lifecycle management. InProduct Lifecycle Management(pp. 1-29). Springer International Publishing. Stone, R.J., 2013.Managing human resources. John Wiley and Sons. Thomson, R. and Thomson, A., 2012.Managing people. Routledge. Watson, T., 2013.Management, organisation and employment strategy: New directions in theory and practice. Routledge. Wolf, T., 2012.Managing a nonprofit organization: Updated twenty-first-century edition. Simon and Schuster. World Health Organization, 2016. mhGAP intervention guide for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings.Lancet.

The Role of Behavioural Economics in Energy and Climate Policy

Introduction â€Å"Can the insights of behavioural economics help fight climate change?† (Gunther 2009, p. 1). The above statement describes the question most economists have asked themselves as they try to formulate sound policy recommendations regarding energy and climate change.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Behavioural Economics in Energy and Climate Policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The behavioural economic approach is considered unique to other conventional energy and climate change policies because policymakers usually focus on technology as the premise for formulating useful energy and climate change policies. The focus on technology has birthed many recommendations that propose the need to adopt more environmentally friendly technology such as solar power and wind power. Since the use of environmentally friendly technology has been the focus for economic and environmental debat es, the role of human behaviour in influencing energy and climate change policy has been rarely addressed. Amir (2005) observes that human behaviour can be a very useful tool for influencing energy and climate change policies â€Å"in particular the irrational, emotional, self-defeating, short-term, inconsiderate and plain old silly human behaviour that most of us engage in every day† (Amir 2005, p. 1). Many tenets of human behaviour have interested behavioural economists as they explore different strategies for formulating effective energy policies. For example, the use of incandescent light bulbs instead of CFL light bulbs has been an interesting observation made by such researchers as they explore different human habits that have an impact on energy and climate policy (Reiss and White 2008). Another interesting observation has been the popular focus on commodity prices as opposed to product lifecycle and the purchase of extraordinarily big houses (that consume a lot of ene rgy) as opposed to moderately sized houses which are energy efficient (Gowdy 1998). A recent study by Pollitt (2011) reports that home energy choices and personal lifestyle choices account for close to 40% of the total energy consumption in America alone. Consequently, this study has prompted economists to estimate that within the next decade, focusing on positive behavioural change can lead to a 20% to 30% reduction in energy costs (Pollitt 2011). Due to the unique human behaviours present in today’s society, it is difficult to ignore the impact behavioural economics have on energy and climate policy. Energy and climate policies can, therefore, be improved by focusing on the contributions of positive behavioural economics on energy policies. This paper focuses on exploring the current situation concerning behavioural economics and climate policy. Subsequently, this paper seeks to investigate the potential (or actual) use of appropriate techniques from behavioural economics a nd the impact such a methodology may have on initiating positive behavioural change (viz-a-viz energy and climate policy).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, to be fair to proponents and critics of behavioural economics (as a process of influencing climate and energy policies), this paper will also review the arguments for and against the use of behavioural economics. These analyses will be done sequentially. However, to improve the understanding of the research problem, it is crucial to have a proper conceptual understanding of the research problem. Conceptual Understanding The role of behavioural economics in predicting energy demand and energy efficiency has often been contrasted with insights from neo-classical theorists (Camerer 2004). As explained in earlier sections of this paper, behavioural economics borrows from psychological influences of human behaviour (to explain the power of economics). Neo-classical theorists often propose the view that maximum utility can be realised through exponential discounting (Pollitt 2011). This outcome is often realised when agents have free access to information. Partially, the same outcome is also perceived as a parsimonious model of how economic decisions are made, but empirical research studies have shown that there is a big difference in the outcome of traditional models and behaviour induced models (Gowdy 2007, p. 2). Explicitly, traditional models have tried to explain many things, including the varied reasons for high returns on equity (as opposed to bond returns), why there are many untapped methods for reducing energy demand (through energy-efficient policies) and why people prefer to pursue short-term gains at the expense of long-term gains (O’Donoghue and Rabin 2000). From the weakness of neoclassical economists, behavioural economics has emerged as an alternative way to model decision- making because this alternative model is more congruent with empirical experiments (predicting human behaviour) and it has a higher accuracy when compared to other models founded on neo-classical ideals (Pollitt 2011). Current Approaches Even though there has been a strong appeal to consider behavioural economics as a crucial predictor of energy and climate policies, traditional economists often focused on the impact prices have on consumer behaviour (Hanser 2010). Consequently, many economic and environmental debates have been characterised by how much energy can be saved by increasing the price of environmentally unfriendly goods. Companies and institutions have also embarked on purchasing energy-efficient appliances and machines. The same trend has trickled down to households. However, after comparing the â€Å"price† approach to the previously mentioned influences of behavioural economics on climate and energy policies, it is correct to say that traditional economists hav e reversed the study of behavioural economics to be an aftermath of energy prices as opposed to a precursor to energy prices.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Behavioural Economics in Energy and Climate Policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, traditionally, economists and psychologists have affirmed that non-pecuniary interventions on energy and climate change policies have often compared favourably to financial interventions aimed at influencing consumer behaviour (Pollitt 2011). Through the same analysis, it has been affirmed that judiciously applied pecuniary interventions have significantly increased the efficiency of financial interventions aimed at influencing consumer behaviour. Consequently, many researchers have had an increased interest to understand the power of behavioural economics on consumer behaviour. Precisely, the increased interests of such researchers have been seen in the current understanding of public health, public finance and public law. Potential (Or Actual) Use of Appropriate Techniques from Behavioural Economics Issues of energy conservation and energy efficiency have featured prominently in many of today’s political and economic debates (Newell and Stavins 2004, p. 79). However, climate change concerns have elevated these issues to the forefront of policy dialogue. In a 2010 report made by the international energy association, it was estimated that close to 35% of the global decrease in carbon emission would be solely attributed to energy efficiency (Pollitt 2011). Consequently, renewed focus on climate talk has been on the manner people use energy and the criteria used to make energy-efficient choices. Undoubtedly, the extent of energy conservation or energy efficiency anticipated in the coming decades largely depends on consumer interventions and behaviour. From this understanding alone, Pollitt (2011) observes that the role of consumer behaviour in making energy choices has generated a keen interest in the development of energy policies and recommendations because consumer choices have a strong impact on energy demand. In addition, consumer behaviours have a strong effect on assessing the effectiveness of energy policy interventions. From this understanding alone, it is correct to say that behavioural economists can offer new perspectives that influence policy design (Pesendorfer 2006). However, even as policymakers ponder on new ways to better formulate energy policies, it should be understood that energy policies do not only revolve around the realms of climate change because other factors such as the security of energy supply and energy affordability also play a vital role in energy policy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through this understanding, Gunther (2009) explains that â€Å"Climate policy significantly interacts with both forms of these elements of energy policy via the introduction of expensive and intermittent renewable electricity and heat† (p. 1). From this statement, Gunther (2009) proposes that if energy demand is subject to consumer behaviour, consumer behaviour can be used as a start to induce renewable energy choices. Nonetheless, it is also vital to point out that if issues of energy supply and affordability are ignored, it is going to be difficult to realise the full potential of revised energy policies. De Martino (2006) observes that based on the understanding that the model of extreme rationality has significantly failed to predict (correctly) human behaviour; there is a strong need to introduce a new methodology that correctly predicts human behaviour. Issues of energy demand and climate change are complex activities, which cannot be correctly understood by a simple ap plication of rational behaviour. This understanding sets the ground for replacing the rational actor model by models that incorporate the regularities of human behaviour. This is where behavioural economics sources its strength. Focusing on energy and climate policy, the potential of behavioural economics in mitigating the impact of global warming and decreasing energy demand is only limited by our imagination. To understand this statement, it is essential to think beyond rational choice and optimisation. Economists have in the past failed to offer the right guidance on the ways to limit fossil fuel use, beyond the strategies adopted in market situations. However, as Gowdy (2007) observes, energy and climate issues go beyond this understanding. The reasoning behind this statement stems from the fact that people living in the world today may postpone future environmental gains for lavish short-term gains like driving big cars, living in lavish houses, going for expensive holidays (an d similar lifestyle choices). The environment is left to choke at these choices. Global warming is, however, a complexity of the interaction between environmental well-being and economic production. Therefore, issues such as the increase of prices or the introduction of carbon taxes are mere secondary concerns in the entire debate. However, this statement does not imply that such policies are ineffective; there is only a stronger need to go beyond public policy rhetoric that assigns property rates and raises commodity prices (Gowdy 2007). Here, the perception should be that incentives should not just be prices but a culturally conditioned situation that is characterised by human behaviour. Another plausible argument for weighing the potential of behavioural economics in climate change talk is the criticism levelled against introducing monetary incentives. Relying on assumptions that monetary incentives are likely to show the desired outcomes that positive climate talk seeks to reali se is a flaw (Gowdy 2007). In fact, behavioural studies show that sometimes, the mere mention of money may hinder the realisation of social good (Gowdy 2007). These studies have further affirmed that financial incentives can possible crowd out urges of civic responsibility among individuals. Consequently, it is correct to point out that monetary incentives can discourage the behaviours needed to solve communal problems like climate change or similar socio-economic issues. Therefore, contrary to the policy recommendations advanced by most economists today, purely relying of financial incentives may have a perverse effect on climate change. Arguments for the Use of Behavioural Economics Behavioural economics has shown a lot of potential to the understanding of how we can mitigate the effects of climate change. This potential lies in the uniquely humanistic attribute of realising cooperation across a sea of diversity. For example, human beings can cooperate across cultures, geographica l spaces and generational divides, thereby elevating the human species to be extensively superior to other mammals. Tapping into this potential outlines the advantages that can be realised by adopting behavioural economics. Research outcomes have changed dramatically after the adoption of behavioural economics because behavioural economics has instituted the adoption of experiments to explore different outcomes (Gowdy 2007). For example, as explained in earlier sections of this paper, traditional axioms of human behaviour have been tested by the adoption of behavioural economics and the findings have shown that traditional models fall short of human behavioural outcomes. Consequently, it is untenable for economists to claim that human behaviour is specifically motivated by rational choice. Similarly, it is even more difficult for economists to claim that human behaviour follows the law or any other tenet of rational behaviour (Loewnstein 2004). Behavioural economics bears a strong u nderstanding of how climate change and energy policies can be properly formulated because it touches on the very premise that influences climate change – human behaviour (Shogren and Taylor 2008). Therefore, there is no better basis for understanding energy policies than through the comprehension of human behaviour. For example, the influence of social norms on understanding household economic behaviour has been studied by researchers to explain the influence of behavioural economics on energy consumption (Pollitt 2011). The practicability of such studies has been witnessed through efforts by certain global organisations to change household energy consumption by availing information regarding the consumption of other people as an indicator of the influence of social norms on household energy demands. The results of such studies have been largely successful. In a study done by Nolan (2008) on Californian households in the US, it was established that placing door hangers descri bing various energy conservation messages had a stronger impact on the reduction of energy demand as opposed to placing door hangers, which shared energy conservation tips. The difference in the reduction of energy demand between these two experiments was reported at 10% (Pollitt 2011, p. 12). These findings mirror similar findings by an American company known as OPOWER. OPOWER did an experiment on 600,000 American households where it posted reports showing the differences in energy consumption among neighbourhoods. In the same study, the households were given energy conservation tips. The study included the participation of 23 utilities in the US. Six of these utilities were deemed the largest in the country. After completing the study, it was reported that there was a 1.11% to 2.78% reduction in energy consumption among the households. The reduction in energy demand (cited in the above studies) shows the true effect of behavioural economics on energy conservation and energy demand . These parameters have a stronger impact on mitigating the impact of climate change. Costa and Kahn (2010) did a follow-up study on the OPOWER experiment and found out that the results were heterogeneous among the households included in the study. The true effect of the experiment was, however, seen to be more effective for liberal households that conservative households. Nonetheless, it was evident from the experiments that the true effect of behavioural economics on motivating viable policy alternatives was undisputable. Arguments against the Use of Behavioural Economics Some of the arguments levelled against the use of behavioural economics in influencing energy policies stem from the extent of influence behavioural economics have on energy policy. Some researchers such as Loewenstein and Ubel (2010) observe that it is not right to rely on policy interventions, which are purely based on behavioural economics because the energy savings generated from such interventions are dismal . For example, concerning the OPOWER experiment, Loewenstein and Ubel (2010) observe that it would probably be more beneficial to introduce carbon tax as a measure to reduce the impact of global warming. There have also been some conceptual weaknesses of behavioural economics, which have been identified to strengthen arguments against it. For example, Pollitt (2011) observes that the greatest weakness of behavioural economics literature is its violation of the rational actor model as an â€Å"anomaly†. Researchers explain that the rational mind is often embroiled in a tag of war with the emotive mind (Ostrom 1998, p. 1). Proponents of behavioural economics rely on this view to explain the influence of the methodology on economic issues. However, biologists and neurobiologists oppose this view by explaining that the human brain is a unified system that is characterised by complementary parts as opposed to conflicting parts (Glimcher 2005). Therefore, the â€Å"anomalies† presented above are in fact, what distinguishes human beings from other animals. Interestingly, the rational actor model is deemed appropriate for other animals but not human beings (Arkes 1999, p. 591). Conclusion Effective energy and climate change policies have been very elusive for most policymakers. This paper proposes that, perhaps, the problem has been the ignorance of behavioural economic factors in the entire debate of climate talk. Behavioural economics is shown to be more effective in predicting human behaviour when compared to other models of predicting human behaviour (advanced by neo-classical theories). Based on this strength alone, it has been much easier to adopt behavioural economics when trying to influence climate change positively. This paper cites studies, which have shown that behavioural economics have a positive impact of reducing energy levels among communities. Its accuracy stems from the fact that it correctly predicts human behaviour. However, the stre ngth of behavioural economics in influencing energy and climate policies hail from the fact that the methodology touches on the centre of climate change – human behaviour. Therefore, influencing human behaviour is bound to have a strong effect on influencing positive human behaviour to realise positive environmental outcomes. Going forward, more studies need to be done to ascertain the extent that behavioural economics can have on realising the goal of having an environmentally consciousness society. References Amir, O 2005, ‘Psychology, behavioural economics, and public policy’, Marketing Letters, vol. 16, pp. 443-454. Arkes, H 1999, ‘The sunk cost and concorde effects: Are humans less rational than lower animals?’, Psychological Bulletin, vol. 125, pp. 591-600. Camerer, C 2004, Advances in Behavioural Economics, Princeton University Press, Princeton. Costa, D Kahn, M 2010, Energy Conservation â€Å"Nudges† and Environmentalist Ideology: Evi dence from a Randomized residential electricity Field Experiment, National Bureau of Economics research, Massachusetts. De Martino, B 2006, ‘Frames, Biases, and rational decision-making in the human brain’, Science, vol. 313, pp. 684-687. Glimcher, P 2005, ‘Physiological utility theory and the neuroeconomics of choice’, Games and Economic Behaviour, vol. 52, pp. 213-256. Gowdy, J 1998, Limited Wants, Infinite Means: A Reader on Hunter-Gatherer  Economics and the Environment, Island Press, New York. Gowdy, J 2007, Behavioural Economics and Climate Change Policies. Web. Gunther, M 2009, When Behavioural Economics Meets Climate Change, Guess What’s Coming for Dinner? Web. Hanser, P 2010, ‘On dynamic prices: a clash of beliefs?’, The Electricity Journal, vol. 23 no. 6, pp. 36–38. Loewnstein, G 2004, Out of control: visceral influences on behaviour, Princeton University Press, Princeton. Loewenstein, G Ubel, P 2010, Economics behavi ng badly, Times, New York. Newell, R Stavins, R 2004, The Economics of energy efficiency, Elsevier, Amsterdam. Nolan, J 2008, ‘Normative Social influence is under detected’, Personality and Psychology Bulletin, vol. 34 no. 7, pp. 914-923. O’Donoghue, T Rabin, M 2000, ‘The economics of immediate gratification’, Journal of Behavioural Decision Making, vol. 13 no. 2, pp. 233–250. Ostrom, E 1998, ‘A behavioural approach to the rational choice theory of collective action’, American Political Science Review, vol. 92 no. 1, pp. 1–22. Pesendorfer, W 2006, ‘Behavioural economics comes of age: a review essay on Advances in Behavioural Economics’, Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 44 no. 3, pp. 712–721. Pollitt, M 2011, The Role of Behavioural economics in Energy and Climate policy. Web. Reiss, P White, M 2008, ‘What changes energy consumption? Prices and public preasures’, Journal of Economics, vol. 39 no. 3, pp. 636†663. Shogren, F Taylor, L 2008, ‘On behavioural†environmental economics’, Review of  Environmental Economics and Policy, vol. 2 no. 1, pp. 26†44. This essay on The Role of Behavioural Economics in Energy and Climate Policy was written and submitted by user Kimber A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Civil Richard Nixon and Search Engine Essay

Civil Richard Nixon and Search Engine Essay Civil: Richard Nixon and Search Engine Essay Part1: Explain how events such as the Vietnam War and Watergate affected the American public’s opinion of the U.S government.? Well what it’s trying to say are many Americans especially the public was affected by many events Part2: Two on Watergate What search engine did you use? I used Bing What words did you type into the search engine to get your results? How did the Watergate affect the Americans public opinion of the u.s government What sources did you choose? Provide the web address and title of each source. 1. http://en.allexperts.com/q/U-S-History-672/2011/2/Effects-Watergate-America-View.htm 2. http://openstudy.com/updates/520c0263e4b0f627eb19daaa Two on the Vietnam War What search engine did you use? I used bing for both What words did you type into the search engine to get your results? I typed in how events of Vietnam affected the American public. What sources did you choose? Provide the web address and title of each source. 1. rationalrevolution.net/war/american_involvement_in_vietnam.htm 2. http://history1900s.about.com/od/vietnamwar/a/vietnamwar.htm Part3: Source1: Vietnam war: American didn’t want to get involved in the Vietnam war, neither did the u.s. soldiers. The soldiers didn’t fight for America because they belive there was no war. The original audience would have been the newspaper readers and political people. The purpose of this website is to show how the Vietnam affected most of the Americans and how they didn’t want to go to war This source goes depth about the Vietnam and what they went thru. It also shows how many of the Americans didn’t want to enter of the war and the causalities and deaths from this war. "We found that not only was it a civil war, an effort by a people who had for years been seeking their liberation from any colonial influence whatsoever, but also we found that the Vietnamese whom we had enthusiastically molded after our

CURRENT ISSUES IN FINANCIAL REPORTINGED IFRS7 Essay

CURRENT ISSUES IN FINANCIAL REPORTINGED IFRS7 - Essay Example (IFRS News 2006). In addition, the IFRS also deals will amending the existing risk disclosure requirements for other insurance contracts of the IFRS 4. Recently, most companies and huge industries in the United States and Europe has come to comply and revised their system in order to adapt their system into the new field of financial strategy. This means that these financial instruments are also applicable to financial and non-financial institutions. This is because the extend of the disclosure strictly requires the dependency of the institution's extent of their entity's used of their financial instruments and its exposure to its risk. One example that can define this explanation is the loan commitment (as an un recognized financial instrument). Prior to any information being disseminated in the institutions, it was announced that the latest disclosure requirements are applicable for periods starting before on after 1 January 2007 (IFRS News, 2006). Through this, all of the institutions are encouraged to submit their application. We all know that there are a lot of financial instruments, which have been designed for various institutions and will all of these; one of the most distinct assets that the IFRS 7 holds amongst of them is that has a way of providing boundaries to financial institutions which can help them protect and at the same time sustain their financial operation. Also, since it was implemented to disclose their financial records, the IFRS 7 allows them to have a further understanding on how each institution can further generate a more profitable income for the next five years. At some point, this method works in favor for the institutions. One of the unique and interesting features that I found regarding this was that it is distinctly divided into two sections. The first covers disclosures are about the figures in the balance sheets or income statements, while the other deals with the risk disclosure. (IFRS News, 2006). From this division, we can see that there is a unique way of approaching the financial aspect of the each institution, such that the second section is the one who solves or takes charge with the risk disclosures that normally and consistently arise from a financial instrument, giving the approach and the system, an eye to oversee the whole situation, through the perspective of the management. Furthermore, the information, which was provided for disclosure and also for the main personnel in the management division, is the one that disclosed the information. This new scope or system of developing the financial instrument is quite interesting such that for the past years, if we would look into the picture and scenario of businesses and corporations that have probably was on the top chart once in the business reviews and then suddenly disappeared, or have lost their momentum into the big picture, have a common analogy and reason behind the collapse of their institution, can be rooted mostly from the dysfunction in the management system with regards to their perspective on financial stability. Thus, since the IFRS 7 holds the new method

Organizational behaviors management term project - Panda Express Paper

Organizational behaviors management project - Panda Express - Term Paper Example The menus in this restaurant brought to America the flavors of Szechuan and Mandarin cuisine. These same menus became the inspiration and standard for all the Panda Express restaurants that are known and loved in the wide America. The making of quality meals with fresh and premium ingredients besides being served fast and hot was one competitive advantage Andrew identified and utilized to the fullest. The result was the tremendous growth of the Panda Express chain of restaurants not only in the United States but the world over (Fox77). Our group’s selection of the Panda Express chain of restaurants out of our love for authentic Chinese cuisine and our being intrigued by how fresh and fast the food is constantly cooked and served. A majority of the group members have had meals at the Panda Express restaurants and realized that the quality of the food is uniformly of a high quality. Our love for authentic, or fairly authentic, Chinese cuisine seems to have travelled with us from China to the United States. It was a unanimous decision among the group members who, having eaten at several Chinese restaurants across the United States that claimed to offer authentic cuisine, all decided that only the cuisine found at the Panda Express chain of restaurants lived to its name (Grenway 44). ... The latter is to expose the Chinese citizens firsthand to American-Chinese type of cuisine which is excellent (Filipova 45). The main goal of the group is to find out how Panda Express is able to serve such high quality food at its characteristically fast pace yet retain the fine features of a dining eatery. The aim of group is of the opinion that the managers utilize the rush hours besides having active communication skills with their subordinates to create an excellent customer experience (Tosi and Pilati 109). The aim is to research into the managers’ use of leadership, motivation and employee engagement skills in forming a group of hard-working employees with the restaurant’s aim in their hearts. Another aim is to find out the managers’ daily activities that contribute to the success of the restaurant chain and push the employees to willingly outdo themselves in their service (Griffin and Moorehead 40). What also evoked our curiosity was the fact that some me mbers of this group eat at the Panda Express restaurant on the campus premises once to four times each week and always find the food freshly cooked even with the high demand for the food which always seems to improve in taste (Sharma 73). Hypothesis The group’s belief is that managers use leadership skills acquired from outside the restaurant chain or gained at the restaurant to instill a sense of urgency among the employees and then set cooking or serving goals that have always outdid the demand from customers. Among the leadership skills most likely driving the success in the restaurant chain are conflict resolution among the employees and management, quickness of thought to invent better services and the accuracy of predicting rush hours to utilize the large number of customers

The ends of the 3 short stories Essay Example for Free

The ends of the 3 short stories Essay Who or what do you think is to blame for the tragic events at the ends of the 3 short stories? In your answer you should compare the effects of the following contributing factors:   Values and attitudes of 1800s   The characters and personalities of the females   The attitudes of the community towards the female characters The role and influence of men The tragic events at the end of the three short stories The Withered Arm by Thomas Hardy, The Melancholy Hussar also by Thomas Hardy, and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, are not the consequence of any one cause in particular. There are many different causes that could explain the tragic events, and these will now be investigated. A womans activities and learning completely depended on how well off they were; whether they were a rich lady or a poor woman. In Hardys The Withered Arm and in another of his books The Melancholy Hussar, we see examples of both: Gertrude Lodge and Phyllis are the well off ladies, and Rhoda Brook is the poor milkmaid. They didnt choose what they wanted to be, they were just born that way. There are clear differences between a lady and a woman: a poor woman was not educated (which was very bad in the 1800s), but the rich lady was educated (but only on the skills that she would need to help her get a husband); the poor woman married a working man for a better money income and chose who she married, but a rich lady would usually marry someone that her father chose. By these two facts, it is clear to see that women were simply thought of as possessions of men, nothing more. This is illustrated in Hardys The Melancholy Hussar: she considered herself likely to become a possession of another. Wealthy men had to go through a ladys father even to make her acquaintance: made her fathers acquaintance in order to make hers. Rich women hired poorer women to work for them as housecleaners and maids. This is an example of how class was considered to be important in Victorian society. In The Withered Arm, the tragic event which was Rhodas sons execution is a consequence of societys division of classes. Rhodas son was poor, like Rhoda herself, thusly putting him in the lower class. This is reflected in the clothes that he wore. Gertrude brings a new pair of boots round for him because his old ones would not keep my feet dry if it came on wet, because they were so cracked. The state of his clothes signifies his class. Presumably, the people who had caught Rhodas son were fairly wealthy. Therefore, it is possible that they may have jumped to the conclusion that since he was a poor, lower class boy, he must have been doing something wrong. The second tragic event at the end of The Withered Arm is Gertrudes death. There is somewhat of a mystery of how she died. It could have been the impact of her being thrown against the wall, or it could have been the medical cure she was attempting that could have killed her. Her choice to attempt this cure was influenced by society and by her own personality and character. She is a very pretty lady: rosy-cheeked, tisty-tosty body and this is what attracted Farmer Lodge to her. But when she got the skin discolouration, her own personality makes her take measures against it. She is very eager to please Farmer Lodge: hoping against hope to win back his heart again by regaining some at least of her personal beauty and when their relationship gets worse and worse because of Farmer Lodges obsession, she tries to regain her beauty by any means necessary. This is also brought about by societys reaction. Since Gertrude is in the higher classes, she is held in better respect than, say, Rhoda. Therefore, society expects a pretty, intelligent lady. When she gets the skin discolouration, society doesnt have the pretty lady anymore. Gertrude becomes more desperate and finally, on Conjuror Trendles advice, she goes to try one last cure: placing her discoloured and disfigured arm on the neck of a hangman just when he has been cut down. Rhoda appears when Gertrude is conducting the cure and then throws her against the wall. In a way, it is Rhodas fault also that Gertrude died. Rhoda had plenty of reasons to be angry with Gertrude. Gertrude came along and married Farmer Lodge, taking Rhodas place as it were. She caused Rhoda to have the vision in which Rhoda grabbed her and threw her to the ground and, to top it all off, Rhoda now finds her with her disfigured arm on her dead son. It pushed her over the limit and caused her to react with violence. The tragic event at the end of The Melancholy Hussar, is the shooting of Matthi us Tina and his friend Christoph Bless. The actions of Phyllis and her personality explain why they were shot, but society can explain Phyllis personality. Phyllis Grove is extremely isolated and secluded living with her father in a half farm, half manor-house. The mention of a manor house suggests that she is wealthy and a member of the higher classes of society. Society enforces the characteristic that all high-class ladies should have a husband. She was being owned by her father, as it was with all daughters and fathers. She had not yet got married because she does not want to become a possession of another. However, she ends up falling for and getting engaged to marry Humphrey Gould, which was not socially common considering that he was of lower class than her. He had to leave town for a while to tend to his sick father because there were no other relations nearer. He promised he would return to Phyllis in a few weeks. However, these few weeks pass, followed by the next season but he didnt return. Phyllis was not very inquisitive when the German Hussars camped near to the town, because she became very shy living in seclusion in the manor house: became so shy if she met a stranger she felt ashamed at his gaze, walked awkwardly, and blushed to her shoulders. She came to know a German Hussar called Matthi us Tina because he frequently walked past a wall on which Phyllis usually sat. Since Humphrey Gould was not back yet, her character allowed her to get to know Matthi us. The community started to gossip about rumours that Humphrey Gould may be having an affair: he was not sure, indeed, that he might not cast his eyes elsewhere. Phyllis believes the hearsay and she and Matthi us along with Christoph and two other men try to take a boat from the harbour, in order to row to France then travel to Germany. Matthi us and Phyllis were going to live together and leave Humphrey behind. Though, at the last minute, Humphrey Gould returns. She hears him talking and she discovers that he has been living in truth the whole time. She reproaches herself for believing the hearsay. The failed escape attempt got Matthi us and Christoph captured. They were tried for court-marshal and then shot as deserters. If Phyllis had stayed and gone with Matthi us then he may not have been caught. The pressure on her from society to do the right thing cost Matthi us, Christoph and the two companions their lives. The tragic event at the end of The Yellow Wallpaper is the main female becoming insane and completely losing her mind. Society is primarily to blame for this, but also so is her husband John. The main character is apparently ill, according to her husband John who is a physician. She takes tablets and steroids but nothing is working very well. They rent out an old house to live in for 3 months whilst the old one is refurbished. The main character is forced to live in a room for these 3 months with horrible yellow wallpaper. She is a member of the high class in society. This is attainable due to the amount of technical terms, for example, that she using whilst describing the wallpaper: debased Romanesque delirium tremens isolated columns of fatuity. She never leaves the room for most of the three months and is forbidden to do practically everything by John. This is basically what is called the Rest Cure which was developed by Silas Weir Mitchell, an American physician who became famous for his work on nervous disorders. Patients of the Rest Cure were usually condemned to bed for six weeks to two months. They are not allowed to sit up, sew, read, or write. They are only allowed to clean their teeth, and sometimes they were not allowed to turn over by themselves. Silas did this because he found no motion desirable. In these cases, the patient is lifted out of bed in the evening onto a couch and given a sponge bath. The main character in The Yellow Wallpaper was allowed to get out of bed and walk around a bit, but was told not to read or write by John her husband. Still, she wrote down what is read in the story and keeps it hidden from him. In all cases of weakness, a nurse fed the patient. In many cases, Silas allowed the patient to get out of bed to go and use the toilet. After about a fortnight, Silas would allow the patient to read one to three hours a day, and frequently nervous and anaemic women jumped (not literally! ) at the chance. He says in a written account of himself: The moral uses of enforced rest are readily estimated. From a restless life of irregular hours, and probably endless drugging, from hurtful sympathy and over-zealous care, the patient passes to an atmosphere of quiet, to order and control, to the system and care of a thorough nurse, to an absence of drugs, and to simple diet. The result is always at first, whatever it may be afterwards, a sense of relief, and a remarkable and often a quite abrupt disappearance of many of the nervous symptoms with which we are all of us only too sadly familiar. The Rest Cure and the way that John her husband has acted to her illness are examples of how men have authority over women. The main female becomes more and more interested with the yellow wallpaper, slowly discovering new things about it. Her mental condition continues to worsen and she starts to think that she can see people behind the wallpaper, a woman, trying to get out. This woman could be a representation of the main character in society. Trapped, and unable to break free of all the laws and regulations. Eventually, she becomes nearly completely insane due to her being trapped in he room for three months, having to constantly look at the yellow wallpaper. She starts tearing bits off, trying to free the women behind, but also to get rid of it because it was driving her insane. At the end of the story, the main character loses her mind and speaks as though she was the women she had seen behind the wallpaper, and she had finally got out and couldnt be put back: Ive got out at last Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back!

TV violence :: essays research papers fc

A beautiful young girl is found dead, blood all over her face, wrapped in a plastic garbage bag. A mill goes up in flames, trapping two people who were lured there by the killer who hopes they burn to cinders. The bullet-ridden body of a detective lies on the floor, the deed done by a mysterious killer. A purported drug dealer is strangled to death; his body flailing and contorted with pain. Two people commit a brutal rape and leave the victim for dead. Why the fascination with violence? The Amount of Violence on Television According to the renowned psychiatrist Karl Menninger, " We not only tolerate violence it is part of our life. Why over one third of our television programs use it for amusement. There are more than 200 million television sets in America. The average American watches over seven hours a day. For many children, this is more time than they spend in school. The world of television has been alternatively called entertainment and a vast wasteland. It serves as a model of the world around us. What kind of world does it depict? The message is often one of violence. In 1973, the Annenberg School of Communications at the University of Pennsylvania, devised a "violence profile" to measure the amount of violence shown on television. The analysts watched over 33 hours of entertainment programs in a sample week and monitored specific acts of violence. The results indicated that some violence was contained in 70 percent of the programs! The violence could be categorized into three types: - Violence for its own sake - Overtly graphic views of brutality and human suffering - The portrayal of anti-social behavior Later studies found that even shows specifically geared towards children have violence in them. Cartoons averaged eight episodes of violence a show. The Effect of Television Violence on Children What effect does television have? Television acts as a cross-cultural influence cutting across nationalities and class. It gives people with different values and background common information. Because of the immediacy of the message, it is often seen as another member of the family. What a person sees in terms of images is bound to have an impact on their beliefs and attitudes. Concern about violence on television began in the earliest days of the medium in the late 1940's. Killings and violence were staples of the early television shows, which featured cowboys and Indians, cops and robbers, detectives and murders.

Heart of Darkness/Blood Diamond

Greed is the Root of All Evil Greed exists at the centre of evil on not only an individual level, but also that of a communal and global level. Contextually there is a superficial alteration in the stimulus (Ivory vs. diamond) for greed and of global awareness towards the issue, although in the century that separates Joseph Conrad’s exploration of colonial regime in his novella Heart of Darkness and Edward Zwick’s post-colonial film Blood Diamond, the values driving the major characters and factions from the different texts are comparably similar.In both texts, there are individuals showcasing major facets motivated by greed, obsessed with the stimulus that is presented in either century. In Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, the character ‘Kurtz’ is primarily stimulated by greed. His obsession with ivory was at an extreme where main character ‘Marlow’ refers to his physical appearance as â€Å"like a ball- an ivory ball† and as having a n â€Å"ivory face. † These respective simile and metaphors encapsulate how Kurtz had become gripped by ivory to the point where it was taking over his very being.This description that Kurtz is placed in is carried through to his dying moments where â€Å"The brown current ran swiftly out of the Heart of Darkness-Kurtz’s life was running swiftly, too†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This indirect juxtaposition links the ideas of Kurtz’s life with the Heart of Darkness, not being a physical location, but an internalised nature representing Kurtz. These links of the rapacious Kurtz to a being of pure immorality is an insight into the overtaken existence of greed within individuals of evil.In similarity, is ‘Colonel Coetzee’ from Zwick’s Blood Diamond. This individual has a lust for wealth, one so overbearing that it blinds him from the fact that he destroys masses of lives to achieve his personal benefit. A scene that best represents this mindless mass murder fo r a cause that results in selfish profit is the Colonel’s order from the helicopter, â€Å"I don’t give a damn who’s down there, kill them all! † A low angle close up shot of the centre framed helicopter is used, presenting it as an overpowering, menacing presence.The line itself poses an emphasis on the Colonel’s voracious motives, suggesting he would kill his friend, and main character ‘Danny Archer’, if it means his war is won and his seldom benefits are received. There is considered intertextuality between this quote and that of Kurtz from Heart of Darkness. At the complete loss of morality from Kurtz, a quote marks this points â€Å"Exterminate all the brutes. † These quotes juxtapose the two characters from the individual texts together and with it, their greedy purposes and malevolent natures, proving that the greed of an individual is the root of their co-existing evil.Greed driven corruption is also existential on a com munal level, both in Heart of Darkness and Blood Diamond. In Heart of Darkness, the Company is the centre of trade in the Congo, a seemingly legitimate industry, although with hidden voracious motives. â€Å"She talked about weaning those ignorant millions from their horrid ways-I ventured to hint that the Company was run for profit. † This understatement made by Marlow expresses the Company’s care, or lack of, for the natives of the Congo, but in fact they only care to exploit the natural resources.We are consistently hinted that their work isn’t â€Å"out there in the luminous estuary† but â€Å"within the brooding gloom. † These binary opposites are repeatedly used in the novella to separate the ideas of light and dark with good and evil respectively, an extreme use of irony that Conrad persists with throughout the book. This mindless exploitation is an example of how greed can negatively affect a community. The communal effects of evil driven b y rapacity in Blood Diamond, is displayed through the actions of the R. U.F, the Revolutionary United Front. Their turning of native children into child soldiers and other locals into slave labourers, marks their negligence to human life so that they can gain wealth from the diamond trade. A heavily symbolistic scene in the film is the celebration following the overtake of Freetown in Sierra Leonne by the R. U. F. The loud, scratchy music accompanying the low key lighting in contrast to the bright blurred flames creates a sense of chaos and lack of morality, emphasised by the fast cuts and camera movement.The chiaroscuro lighting on the character’s faces and the silhouettes juxtaposed to the bright fiery background symbolises their consummation by darkness. Several presentations of immoral acts are shown, dead bodies being strung, children consuming alcohol and drugs and the destruction of property, linking to the classical allusion of Dante’s Inferno, exemplifying poi ntless suffering and destruction. This, among other scenes, symbolises the complete carelessness for human life in the voracious scramble for Africa’s resources.Although in the century that separates the two texts, awareness has grown dramatically, the global scale of corruption due to acts of greed are present in both texts. In Heart of Darkness, the novella ends back aboard the boat with Marlow and his crew as they are â€Å"lead into the heart of an immense darkness. † The physical connotations of this quote is that the effects can be seen on the other side of the world in England, although ironically the Heart of Darkness doesn’t lie in both the Congo and the Thames but man himself, whose actions have a global effect; the actions of Kurtz. Upon the whole, the trade will suffer. I don’t deny there is a remarkable quantity of ivory-mostly fossil†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This quote demonstrates the global effect that Kurtz’s actions undertake, making a histo rical allusion to the fossil ivory that ended up in Siberia. This demonstrates the global effects that branches out from the corrupt actions of a greedy soul. In contrast, the global awareness to the situation in Blood Diamond was comparably increased to that of the nineteenth century, although the global effects of gluttony driven evil were evidently more severe. The third world is not a world apart† is an ironic statement represented by the heavily juxtaposed scenes between a G8 conference and the diamond fields of Sierra Leonne. The high key lighting of the conference opposed to the overcast lighting of the diamond fields along with the respective modern colour scheme and the dirty, unappealing colour scheme is contrasted with quick scene cuts to juxtapose the sheer difference between the two ‘separate worlds. ’ Although these two locations seem so distant, the effects are carried through from one to the other.The conflict diamonds reach the stores of the first world but â€Å"are not ours to steal in the name of comfort, corporations, and consumerism. † This captures the global effects that man’s greed enfolds, taking advantage of the actions of corruption for our own consumerism, or greed. So in the century that separates Joseph Conrad’s exploration of colonial regime in his novella Heart of Darkness and Edward Zwick’s post-colonial film Blood Diamond, there is sufficient evidence to remark that greed is the root of all evil in man, the effects spanning not only the heart of man but within its community and on a global scale.