Free of Emotional and Familial Prison Essay

When Henry, not his real name, was in prep school, he met just like everybody else a bully who would take his lunch box away from him. Given his somewhat resistive nature, he would refuse to give his lunch up, and would even dare to fight for it. However, because of his thin body and relatively short height, and the weakness caused by his hunger, he falls down in the hands of his nemesis and was taken usually bloody to the school clinic. In one occasion, when the bully found nothing in the box but crumbs and a piece of carrot, his disappointment broke Henry’s arms. In grade school Henry’s struggling continues. Though the other aggressive kids there know that he doesn’t have much in his box, they will still take his lunch box from him to show everyone how miserable his life is. Other kids laughed and several pitied him, while the rest are indifferent from his situation. At the time his teachers found out about the commotion, the kids went away like nothing really is happening and Henry stood up from the ground, thoughtless. At home his life is dreadful. He doesn’t have his own room nor his own bed. He is only allowed to sleep in the garrage, where an unusable car is parked. The garrage has never been used now and was all dirty and webbed, it was only there to house the family’s forgotten possessions, like himself. He sleeps under the car, because he can’t sleep on top of it, there is no other place. The coldness of the room and the people around him makes him tuck himself and grip his legs with his arms. The darkness almost blinds him, he can no longer see anybody, even himself, even his future. Outside the room he is like nobody, even to his father. His mother died two years ago, that is when he was three. She died in an accident, while trying to save Henry’s older brother from being run over by a pick-up truck. He died anyway, with her mother, because she was only there in time for her head to hit the truck’s bumper. After the incident their family is dead. His father turned from being a locally respected man into someone who would be thrown out of a pub, walk in zigzag to a place he do not know. Luckily his body is used to walking home, and he is dragged by himself almost automatically to their place. At times when his body is heavily drowned in alcohol and is no longer able to take him home, neighbors will call on Henry to help him back home. Nobody really tries to help drag him, only Henry, because of his smell. Henry’s father literally stinks and this exhausts him more than on the dragging work itself. In the morning his father would still be drinking his alcohol bought out of the pub. At times when Henry brought him back home from the street, the next morning his father will condemn him of stealing his money even though he knows he spent them in the pub. Most of the time when Henry denies he is commanded back to his room, he still have a room then, and never go out. To make sure, his father locks him in. And many times also his father will forget that he was there and will go to the pub while Henry is starving inside his room, locked. Because of this he missed school consequently giving other kids a reason to bully him again. At one time when Henry cannot take the hunger he broke the window and went out. When his father found out about the broken window he sealed it and the rest of the rooms. Henry will now have to stay in the garrage with all his things, even his clothes, locked inside his own room. Fortunately he found his older brother’s old clothes in the garage. Because he feared that his father may recognize the clothes, he only took the school uniforms for himself and used it so he will not miss his classes. He used his brother’s other clothes to sleep on during the night under the car. The worn out clothes again would give his schoolmates a chance to laugh at him. He found them dreadful too, but what else can he do. His father’s drinking worsened and this led to new punishements. Since his father can’t lock him in his room now, he no longer gave him food. Although there are times when he would take home a piece of left-over chicken he bought from a diner, frequently Henry is left starving for days. Most of time when he can no longer take the hunger he would ask the neighbors for food, and thankfully they give him a loaf of bread or an egg pie. At school he would steal food from other kids and a couple of times he was caught shoplifting in a convenience store. After the first caught his father, having talked with the police the night they took Henry home from the station, is still as indifferent as before. The next time he slammed Henry’s face on car’s trunk. That’s the first time he went in Henry’s â€Å"room† in years, and in doing he never even noticed Henry’s condition inside. That started the series of physical violence committed against him. His father might have thought that he can really hurt his son, and did so many times afterward, worsening as he gets more drowned in drunkenness. He started hitting him first by slapping his face using the back of his hands, later he started slamming him anywhere near: the stairs, table, tile floor, plate he’s eating on, and on the stove. Unluckily the slamming leaves only small patches and bruises on his face, this encouraged his father to continue the assualt, and do more. One time Henry came home from school with paint on his uniform, yes his brother’s uniform, because of another aggression from his classmates, he was sphered right after he closed before him. He was hit by a sphere, like what Edge and Batista do in WWE. Unfortunately again, the hit only caused pain, no broken rib nor internal bleeding, just pain, physical and emotional pain. That could have killed him, or have him taken to the hospital, where people would know how he is treated, where he could be saved. When his father found out Henry is asking for food from their neighbors, he started using tools to hurt him, literally anything he can put his hands on. That time he took hold of his beer bottle and threw it at him and missed because of drunkenness. After several seconds he realized that he did missed, he grabbed his ceramic ashtray and pitched it to Henry, that’s it, he hit his right knee and made Henry limping for three days. From then on he would start throwing things at him. One time when Henry is on his way to his â€Å"room†, his father in the dining room obviously drunk but still have enough strength, he lifted a chair and threw it at Henry. Of course he missed, but still its a chair, he’s already on that point of violence. One night when his father is watching a replay of a baseball game, stinking from alcohol again, he asked him to stand before the wall, with his baseball in hand and another 5 pieces at his side, he practiced pitching having Henry the target. His excitement gave him the precision enough to make 5 round patches on Henry’s chest and 1 on his face. He cried, and when his father saw him did that he grabbed Henry’s face and opened his mouth wide enough for the baseball. The ball was left in his mouth until his father fell asleep. His situation couldn’t have been discovered when his father wasn’t beaten down by gangsters on his way home. Earlier that day Henry was asked by his father to clean the whole house. On his way to cleaning the bathroom holding a bottle of an acidic toilet bowl cleaner, he was called by his father. Standing in front of him having the cleaner and a pail in his hands, he saw his father totally mad, his father snapped. He smiled with his eyes red, took the acid off Henry’s hands, opened it, and asked him to put his hands in the pail. Henry, frightened by his father, obeyed and do what was commanded of him. His father opened the bottle and poured it on Henry’s hands. At first it felt hot, then it scorched his hands scalping and burning his skin. He tried to take his hands off but his father grabbed them and put them back and his strength will not allow Henry to remove them again. Henry screamed in pain and his tears fell inside the pail but won’t neutralize the acid from burning his skin. After more than a minute his father finally heard him and let go. He came back to sanity and ran away. At night he run over a gang of young men, incited by his terrible appearance, they beat him ’til he can no longer walk himself. A neighbor found him trying to walk home and helped him so. When they arrived at their house he saw Henry, his hands colored red, without skin. He immediately asked him what happened, but Henry did not speak. From there he knew what’s going on and sought the police for help. Crisis Intervention Plan After hearing from the witness what he saw in Henry’s house, the authorities immediately met with social workers and other organizations that might help in rescuing Henry from his father with minimal consequences and came up with this step by step intervention plan. Step 1 First they have to assess the situation of Henry. The authorities will see exactly what happened first in an obvious angle. As much as possible the risks and dangers of intervening must be predicted. The people involve, their attitude, behavior, and mental status should be noted well. Also, the root of the situation should be known. Henry’s father may have conjured a trauma from the accident and lost his will to have a good life. Having Henry only reminds him of his other son, whom he might be blaming for the death of his wife. That is probably why he went after Henry and brought out his his anger on him. Both the effects of the crisis and the intervention should also be assessed. What would happen to the family after the rescue? What would Henry be like afterwards? Also, the status of the family before the incident needs to be known. In assessing the situation, it is always best to know what risks are in the members of the family. Step 2 Start establishing a relationship with the family to know more about them and eventually help solve the situation. A manual on crisis intervention released by the US Department of Health and Human Services noted, â€Å"in this step of crisis intervention, a sincere, non-judgmental attitude, and sensitivity to the family’s feelings and situation, lay the groundwork for a family partnership to form quickly, as does belief in the family’s ability to overcome the crisis. Also, this step promotes a constructive partnership that aims to solving the problem† (p80). Henry is an abused child and needs to be rescued. However, more information needs to be taken and this step can definitely feed the authorities that. Furthermore, â€Å"A constructive partnership also evolves from a sense of accomplishment. It is important for the family to feel that something useful has been accomplished during the crisis intervener’s first visit and that more will be accomplished in the next† (p80) Step 3 Identify Major Problems. Dr. Albert Roberts separated this step of knowing the roots of the problems due to its cruciality in the interventions plan (Roberts, p. 261). By giving attention to the factors that cause stress to members of the family, solution can be brought out to minimize the effects of the stress and to remove the those factors. Henry’s father may have been continously thinking of their happy family before the incident and the disappointment caused by the realization his wife and son’s deaths causes him to drown himself in alcohol. The alcohol causes him to be violent towards Henry. By removing these factor we can help save the Henry and help his father as well. Step 4 Take action. This step may incorporate both rescue of Henry and a therapy for his father if that will be allowed. This should be done as soon as possible after sufficient information and evidence of abuse is gathered. Rather than staying too long on encouraging the family to solve its own problems, it is better to have Henry out of the house and away from his father in the mean time. While away both Henry and his father should be applied with therapies and medications. Henry’s father suffered from the incident and may have contacted a disease in his drinking. Also, his alcoholism must be stopped and various correctional treatments should be employed. Henry’s physical being obviously needs help. The boy needs nutrition first of all, having been starved to death by his father. The beatings may have left unnoticed fractured bones and may even have damaged some internal organs that is not treated immediately without the help of the authorities. His mother and brother’s death may have also caused some trauma but most of all the effects of his father’s abuse should be look upon. Confidence may no longer be in his eyes being beaten and humiliated at school and having deprived of support by his father. A good foster home is advisable too to allow Henry have his own start and finally blend with a family. Step 5 Establish and agreement and follow-up plan. This step will know the future of Henry’s family. Whether he will be allowed to be with his father again after his reformation or if he will have to stay in foster care and have his own life. His father may be filed with a case depending on what his psychological tests results will say. Certainly, the authorities will decide on how this issue will be ended. Continous assessment of their status and treatment should also be employed. Conclusion Life is always hard for people who suffered from a great trauma like what happened in Henry’s family. The simultaneous death of his mother and older brother definitely caused great amounts of emotional disturbances on his father and the following incidents could have been prevented if they were employed with enough help and guidance. That has always been the problem family has. Missing family support and preventive plans on traumas and other psychological stress definitely cause more complicated problems like domestic violence. Henry could have been a bright boy just like everybody else. Unfortunately he was denied of that fate during his dreadful days with his father. However, with effective intervention plans, he will surely be back on track again. Works Cited US Department of Health and Human Services. Handout 3: Steps of Crisis Intervention. Retrieved 15 May 2008. www. headstartinfo. org/pdf/supportingfam_crisis/ handout3-3. pdf Roberts, Albert. 2005. Crisis Intervention Handbook: Assessment, Treatment, and Research. Retrieved 15 May 2008. http://books. google. com/books? id=UtU5DK0ryGsC&pg=PA259&dq=step+by+step+crisis +intervention&sig=sI1qrPiQIyUx5x1mIqPgBHJmC0Q#PPA260,M1 Roberts, Albert. Robert’s Seven Stage Crisis Intervention Model. Retrieved 15 May 2008. http://www. crisisinterventionnetwork. com/intervention. html

Case Study Formal And Informal Assessments Education Essay

Formal and informal appraisals are two specific processs that instructors use to measure and rate their pupils. â€Å" Both formal and informal formative appraisals involve assemblage, interpretation, and moving on information † ( Ruiz-Primo & A ; Furtak,2004, p. 4 ) . Formal appraisals are standardised tests used by a province to reflect on peculiar class degree to mensurate a pupil ‘s academic abilities. These tests are administered in the same manner every clip with a clip limitation and instructions to how the test should be graded. In contrast, informal appraisals are exams or activities designed to specially reexamine or prove pupil ‘s cognition on a certain academic topic taught by their instructor. I will be discoursing the advantage and disadvantage for two different signifiers of formal appraisal and four types of informal appraisals methods. The two formal appraisals are norm-referenced and criterion-referenced. â€Å" Norm-referenced are standardised trials and are linked to bury single differences † ( Gargiulo, 2008, p.65 ) . This trial compares the pupil ‘s accomplishment to other pupils in the similar age group. Statistical method is used to find how the pupil did. For illustration foremost grade pupils were tested and the result is used in a statistical method. You would be able to see how each pupil ranked. For illustration, Jon scored at the fiftieth percentile among his category. There are advantages and disadvantages in utilizing norm referenced proving. One advantage to this method is it can find whether a pupil may necessitate particular services. For illustration, if the pupil scores less than standard norm for reading, they will have particular services to help them in this topic. Another advantage to this method is it allows parents to see how their kid ‘s academic consequences are compared to their equals. For illustration, Julie performs at 86 percentile in her category. This means that Julie performed better than 86 % from her schoolmates. As there are advantages, there are disadvantages. One disadvantage to this method is it consists of wide academic information and may non dwell of current schoolroom content. Another disadvantage is it does non to the full capture a pupil ‘s academic abilities on job resolution, determination devising, societal accomplishments, nor their ability elaborate on certain subject. In contrast, â€Å" Criterion-referenced trials are associated with intra single differences and can supply informations that is utile for instructional planning † ( Gargiulo, 2008, p.66 ) . For illustration, a math job is given to a pupil to see if the pupil is able to add two digit Numberss. The result is purely based on whether the pupil did or did non reply the job right. The first advantage to this trial is it can compare a pupils ‘ single public presentation from their old 1. For illustration, April ‘s current trial indicated her reading accomplishments have improved from last one-fourth. April ‘s consequences are non compared to how good she did among her schoolmates alternatively it compares to her single advancement. Another advantage to this trial it can help a instructor to calculate out each pupil ‘s academic strengths and failing. A instructor can steer and delegate extra aid in the countries where pupils need betterment. The ruin to this m ethod is it can non compare student academic public presentation to other schools or territories. For illustration, a instructor will non be able to compare her pupil ‘s success to other categories nor to other schools. Another disadvantage is making a valid test for pupils. Planing an test needs to run into specific criterions plus it ‘s clip devouring for instructors to work around their day-to-day duties. The followers are the four types of informal appraisals that can be used in a schoolroom which are an essay test, a schoolroom game, walk around method, and a multiple pick test. The first informal appraisal is an essay test. Essay tests are inquiries based on a certain lesson or subject where a pupil needs to supply a written reply. Depending on the test instructions pupils may merely necessitate to compose a twosome of paragraphs or several pages in length. The following are two advantages in utilizing an essay test to prove pupils. First, pupils have the chance to show their ideas and show their degree of comprehension on a certain inquiry. The 2nd advantage, pupils begin to build and analyse how to reply each inquiry. For illustration, the direction on the essay says to delight explicate the difference between a mammal and an amphibious. The pupil foremost needs to analyse the differences between the two species and so concept illustrations to lucubrate on the inquiry. An issue does stand for itself ; this type of method is clip devouring for both the pupil and instructor. The pupils need plentifulness of clip to reply and compose an essay and the instruc tor needs clip to measure and rate each paper. The 2nd disadvantage, instructors must be cognizant of their prejudices when composing a inquiry where pupils need to hold or differ on a certain subject. This disadvantage may acquire in the manner of rating documents accurately. A instructor needs to be cognizant of their prejudice and establish their scaling on the pupils response non if they agree or disagree with their pupil. Another informal manner to measure a pupil ‘s advancement is a schoolroom game. A Classroom game creates an chance for pupils to use their cognition and encourages them to larn. For illustration, the category is divided into four groups to play a game of Jeopardy. The game of Jeopardy consists of inquiries on a certain academic topic. An advantage to this method is it promotes concerted acquisition. Students are larning how to interact, collaborate, and work together with their equals to reply inquiries. Working together provides positive supports for pupils to develop societal accomplishments and trust among their squad members. Another advantage it motivates pupils to use their ain cognition and retain new information as they play the game. A game will maintain pupils watchful and encourages engagement which will take to larning. Since pupils are divided into groups non every pupil is take parting or join forcesing on every inquiry and this is downfall to this method. Even th ough each pupil has an chance to reply a inquiry, the group is judged as a whole non the single cognition to every inquiry but the 1s they answer. Another disadvantage to this method does non supply plenty feedback to a instructor to find which pupils needs extra aid in groking the current topic. The 3rd informal appraisal is the walk-around. This appraisal requires the instructor to interact with each pupil as they work together as a group or separately. The instructor is actively observant and helping pupils to remain on undertaking. The advantage to this method it allows the instructor to interact with pupils separately or as a group to reply any concerns or help them in understanding their assignment. The 2nd advantage is the 1 on one conference. â€Å" The instructor uses the 1 on one conference to speak to the pupils for five or ten proceedingss. This conference offers attending, and extra aid in instructions for pupils † ( Cole,1999, p.4 ) . This type of interaction physiques trust and improves the communicating between instructor and pupil. A downside to walk around appraisal is giving each pupil or groups the same sum of clip to reply inquiries or concerns. Since every pupil or groups have different inquiries, some may necessitate extra aid than others. This m ay do some behavior issues or detain some pupils in finishing their assignment. Another issue is doing certain every pupil understands the stuff or lending their work to their group. The instructor needs to give every pupil an chance to speak and show they understand the assignment. Last, the multiple-choice trial is another appraisal used in a schoolroom. Multiple pick trials consist of inquiries and a list of possible replies for each inquiry. An upside to this method pupils begin to entree their cognition and use it to every inquiry by extinguishing deceptive picks. This method is besides an advantage for instructors every bit good. The scaling is less clip devouring than other methods and easier to contract down where the pupils are holding troubles. A disadvantage for pupils is it may do them some confusion or defeat when the tests are ill written. Poor written exams consist of slippery options to take from, for case holding two possible replies. The 2nd disadvantage for pupils is non being able to understand a inquiry. This may take the pupils to think on replies they are non able to grok due to reading troubles or a hapless written test. This may take to inappropriate mark on the pupil ‘s advancement or cognition. In decision, both formal and informal appraisals consist of advantages and disadvantages that a instructor should see and understand before administering these appraisals. Appraisals are necessary to nail pupil ‘s academic strengths and failings. This allows a instructor to supply extra aid to pupils that are fighting. Without appraisals instructors will non be able to properly evaluate and assist pupils.

Public Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Public Relations - Essay Example This means that twitter is able to sway the consumers to view it or its products in a positive light, the volume of utilization will most definitely increase. Originally, PR campaigns relied on press releases and conferences, public speech readings, facilitation of internal communications as well as media interviews. However, with the coming of age of millenials who mostly communicate and source information from social media networks like twitter that have rampant usage globally, there is an increasing need to conduct PR campaigns with these considerations if campaigns are to be effective. Such a campaign is ideal for twitter that has been losing users of late as well as having actual tweets from only around 40% of the users. A â€Å"Secret Scan-ta† microsite serve the purpose of fuelling a good PR Campaign for Twitter in the UK especially now that the festive season is nigh. The product would be able to help people pick out gifts for others by going through the recipients tweets to find out their preferences meaning that the gifts can also be tailored. All you have to do is suggest the tweeter handle of the person you want to give a gift and the microsite will go through his or her tweets, determine their preferences and provide suggestions on gifts. In order to develop an effective PR c ampaign for the product it is necessary to follow the POSTAR format in the design process. Brand positioning describes the processes and activities of market opportunity identification in line with the market conditions described by the research on the market. The secret scan-ta will need to be suitably positioned before the commencement of the process of the campaign if the goals intended are to be met. This will require the focus of four key components. In terms of the attitude and demographic of the intended audience, Secret

The International Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The International Economy - Essay Example According to the World Bank reports, the net capital flows to developing countries have increased tremendously from $ 28 billion in 1970s to $306 Billion 1997 (World Bank 2001: 110). This has led to increased investments and economic growth of those countries. However, the performance of a nation depends on its structural characteristics, resource endowment and policies or the investment climate. Though developing countries account for a third of world trade, most of its trade is to other developing countries and mainly depends on primary commodity exports. Trade liberalization in these countries therefore has not been able to stimulate economic growth and exports (Parikh 2007). For economic growth to be realised, developing countries need to engage in trade of manufactures and services. If developing countries still remain underdeveloped and the gap between developed and developing countries continues to widen, what then is the role of trade liberalization and investment in the econ omic growth of third world countries? To answer this question, the paper will discuss trade liberalization, investment liberalization, economic growth, and the reasons why there is a wide gap between developed and developing countries. Trade Liberalization There has been a tremendous growth of the world trade for the past 20yrs. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) puts the growth rate at six percent per year (IMF 2001). This has been made possible by various rounds of multilateral trade agreements under GATT which later formed the world Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. The WTO is entrusted with the role of regulating world trade and settling disputes among trading nations and is guided by several principles. The Most favoured Nation (MFN) and national treatment principles guard against any form of discrimination. The trade is also supposed to freerer by removing trade barriers through rounds of negotiations. The trade is also competitive as unfair practices such as damping of pro ducts at cheap prices are not encouraged. The trading partners are guided by the WTO rules hence cannot change trade policies arbitrarily thus the trade is predictable. Another principle of the world trade is that it is to be beneficial to less developed countries. As such, various rounds of negotiations have been going on to decide on how to make trade favourable to developing countries especially by allowing them more time to implement tariff reduction. As a result, most developing countries have opened their economies to trade and are enjoying the benefits. According to Blandford (2007), 2/3 of the current 148 members of WTO are developing countries. Despite opening the economies to trade, most developing countries continue to put restrictions to trade to protect domestic industries. Furthermore, as Parikh (2007) notes, most developed countries continue to put restrictions of access in areas of export interest to developing countries and are also experiencing slow growth hence do not import a lot from those countries. This affects many developing countries that rely on primary commodities for export as their imports outweigh exports resulting in unfavourable terms of trade. Most beneficiaries of trade liberali

Management info Systems Individual work wk9 Essay

Management info Systems Individual work wk9 - Essay Example This information can be quickly disseminated if the appropriate information-sharing technologies are put in place. These technologies also need support from networks that are capable of global communication (Hossein,2013). Global Information systems are defined in two ways; control and coordination. A control centered global information system is characterized by a centralized data architecture that is used across the organization. This structure is characterized by standard report formats, and the system is designed to track the performance of the organization. The coordination centered global information system is characterized by decentralized data architecture. Each department in the organization has an element of standardization within it and is capable of communicating these standards to other departments. The technologies used support informal communication and the encouraged socialization (Hossein, 2013). There are numerous factors that are crucial to any global information system. These are the operational and strategic requirements. Operational requirements entail the ability of a global information system to provide support for daily activities within the organization. It should also provide consolidated global reporting, ease of communication between the head organization and its branches across the world and management of short –term foreign exchange risks. Strategic requirements entail the ability of the information system to provide support for long-term goals. These include management of long-term foreign exchange risks, global risks, and political risks. The design and execution of global information systems face various obstacles. Lack of standardization across the countries in the world is one major factor. The differences in time zones, language barriers, taxation policies, and language barriers pose an enormous challenge in the development of global information systems. The lack of

I am going to send the paper topics by attachment Essay

I am going to send the paper topics by attachment - Essay Example From the beginning of the story, she describes the pathetic condition of her physical body with a sense of detachment, in a tone of irony, wit and humor. The sentences are intelligently crafted. Elucidating her accidental fall, she writes, â€Å"So many movements unbalanced me, and as I pulled the door open, I fell over backward, landing fully clothed on the toilet seat with my legs splayed in front of me:†¦..the building deserted, I was free to laugh aloud as I wriggled back to my feet, my voice bouncing of the yellowish tiles from all directions† (Para 1). Even in such a grim situation, she exhibits her capacity to remain in good humor and thus generates confidence. That is no ordinary sense of humor; it is the challenge to her destiny that brings her physical body to such a sorry state, but it fails to beat her mental toughness. She neither pities her condition nor condemns herself. She accepts her state of being â€Å"crippled† as part of her inner experience. She shows how reading about disability is much different from experiencing the disability. One’s strength is tested when one undergoes the ordeal. Her inner strength is admirable and the tone is straightforward. She admits, everyone is entitled to one’s opinion about her plight, and she is entitled to hers. I am devastated by her honesty. She is no more an active partner in the domestic environment and is unable to share the responsibilities, and watches with resigned pleasure how her children and other family members have readjusted to her changed physical condition. But she admits candidly, â€Å"But I couldn’t bear the corroboration that around me were doing in fact what I’d always suspected them of doing, professing fondness while silently putting up with me because the way I am. A cripple† (Para 17). But this is a situation in her life over which she has no control. She is aware, people who interact with her and family members with direct resp onsibility towards her, show special concern, consideration and kindness to her. But the structured of her deformed and fragile body has nothing to with her steely mental frame and her tough resolutions in life. She makes a matter of fact observation, â€Å"People - crippled or not - wince at the word "cripple," as they do not at "handicapped" or "disabled." Perhaps I want them to wince. I want them to see me as a tough customer, one to whom the fates /gods /viruses have not been kind, but who can face the brutal truth of her existence squarely. As a cripple, I swagger.†(Para 2) She believes that the medical practitioners are in the learning stage about her complicated condition and does not blame them for their initial confusion about the diagnosis. They are doing their best to monitor the developments happening to her body. She has her challenge, and they have their challenges. She describes her relationship with the doctors taking care of her: â€Å"I may be frustrated, m addened, depressed by the incurability of my disease, but I am not diminished by it, and they are" (Para 30). She has converted her physical disadvantage to strengthen her spirit and sharpen the writing skills. Her words have more punch and imagination is more fertile, as would be seen from the words go in the essay. About the vital role her sense of humor plays in her life, she expresses her predicament and fear that the gravity of her disease may do irreversible damage to her existence and writes, â€Å"

Multiple intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multiple intelligence - Essay Example For example, linguistic intelligence is primarily the ability to read, write, and speak effectively, which is of prime importance in career fields such as teaching, journalism and psychology. Similarly, each type of intelligence is the fountainhead of certain specific skills and abilities, which point towards definite career options.The author then goes on to illustrate how the Multiple Intelligence theory can be used in the teaching-learning process and proceeds to highlight the benefits of the use of Multiple Intelligence teaching practices in helping to make students meaningful learners. The Multiple Intelligence theory pre-supposes that each child has his or her own strengths and his or her own way of learning. This makes the Multiple Intelligence theory better suited to individual needs upon implementation. Accordingly, a child with superior kinesthetic intelligence must be taught with more hands-on activities, while a child with better spatial intelligence will learn faster and better with maps, diagrams and other visual inputs. He cites the example of the New City School in St Louis that has applied this theory successfully. The school keeps Multiple Intelligence in mind while developing its curriculum, during classroom instruction and finally at the time of assessment. It has been found that these students average good scores in subsequent standardized tests. The author then gives us a brief glimpse of how he plans to implement the Multiple Intelligence theory in agricultural education. Agricultural education being multifaceted, the possibilities are endless. The author would like to instruct his students through presentations, speech contests, quiz bowls and the like. Lastly, the author discusses the limitations of this theory and also touches briefly on the implementation problems that the theory might pose for educators. Critique The theory of Multiple Intelligence presents interesting possibilities in classroom application. In fact, it "opens up eight different potential pathways to learning" (Armstrong T). It suggests that teachers present their lessons in a wide variety of ways using music, cooperative learning, art activities, field trips, role play, pictures, multimedia etc. This will help teachers to reach out to students who have different types of intelligence to go beyond conventional linguistic and logical methods and choose the learning tool they want. Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligence helps teachers, school administrators and parents' to understand the learners better. However, only the very conscientious of teachers will be able to apply it on a regular basis. A teacher will have to be truly and deeply interested in children to understand how their minds are different from one another's. Anne Guignon, in her article on Multiple Intelligence, refers to Linda Campbell, who has outlined five ways in which the Multiple Intelligence theory can be implemented. These are: - Lesson design. In this the teacher may even focus on his or her own intelligence strengths. Interdisciplinary units. Here two or more units may be combined. Student projects. Students can initiate and execute their own projects depending upon their individual abilities. Assessments. Assessments ca be devised to test Multiple Intelligence. Students can be allowed to devise the way they want to be assessed. Apprenticeships. Apprenticeships will enable students to work with their specific abilities. One cannot discount the use of technology in the classroom, as one of

Milly's Moped Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Milly's Moped Report - Essay Example If there are any documents as printed or physical output, they are outputs of this process too. Distribution or Logistics is another process found in the case. The distribution plans are used as inputs and the delivery schedule is used to plan deliveries to the whole sellers. As a result, the scheduled deliveries are matched with the completed orders and discrepancies are reported as an internal report. Information given as input and received as output serves the information needs of management at various levels. The three types of information needs being met by the information are (i) Strategic level, (ii) Tactical level and (iii) Operational level. Strategic level information is the information needed for strategic decisions. These decisions are made by top management and senior personnel of any organization. In the above processes, various types of information are to be used by the top management of Milly's Mopeds. The capacity shortfalls, bottlenecks in assembly, expansion decisions and changes in core competencies are the major information areas which are strategic in nature for Milly's top management. Tactical level information is meant for middle level management for managing and allocating resources for the organization. In this case, the information and inputs and outputs like selection of distributors, selecting channels, making delivery schedules and making budgets are all tactical level information. At the operational level, the very basics of operations are carried out. It involves the routine day-to-day activities that are carried out in the normal course of business. The information gathered from the inputs, outputs and reports of the business processes in this area are the feedback from operations, inventory and stock updates, operations reports and problem reports. The information systems and information technology has taken a new role over the past few years. The concept of Strategic Information systems is present today which was never existent before. This has huge application of Information Technology. (O'Brien, James A., (2002). Trends In Information Systems. McGraw-Hill) With the introduction to information technology, the information handling, storage and processing has become very efficient. Huge data repositories are now in place by almost all companies. Milly and Graham were also suggested and advised to use a database to solve their problems. Databases will provide them the data storage solutions. The interface and designing can be easily done to take data out from the database and use it for their needs. 2. Marketing in specialist literature The business process of marketing in specialist literature is focused on carrying out the task of marketing the mopeds by the use of specialist literature. Special literature may include the literature targeted to various levels of customers. The reason for selecting this process for detailed analysis was because it is a core process for Milly.

The Essentiality of Open-Minded Discourse by Christine Smith Essay

The Essentiality of Open-Minded Discourse by Christine Smith - Essay Example I would first raise this issue in the class discussing the form of the letter's arguments and, next, with the letter's author, my friend. I would then reflect on whether I indeed practice the principles of tolerance that I preach to others. My initial response to the letter in question and the particular discussion in my class characterizing the letter as an example of bad argumentation would be to acknowledge that, yes, the letter presents immature and imprudent arguments against homosexuality. To do otherwise would ignore the obvious. I would then attempt to prevent the class from estimating the quality of my friend from the quality of his arguments, as a good person can have misguided opinions and make flawed arguments. And, equally abhorrent to arguments based on biases and prejudices is passing judgment on a person before taking the time to understand his or her many facets. Indeed, it is precisely this sentiment that I would then carry to my friend, the author of the letter. Since he is my friend, and has been for quite some time, I naturally care about him, his feelings, his perception of the world, and other's perceptions of him. I would advise him that, regardless of his personal opinion of homosexuality, his method of presenting his views was harsh and injudicious, passing rash judgment on homosexuals and on those readers who do not agree with his perspective. I would endeavor to be understanding and patient with my friend, attempting to convey to him the benefit of healthy discourse rather than mere blind contentions about controversial issues. Finally, after having discussed with my classmates and with my friend the advantages of healthy argument and open-mindedness, I would spend some time quietly and sincerely reflecting on whether I practice those qualities myself. I would like to think that I am tolerant and nonjudgmental, and that I was indeed in a moral position to discuss the value of forbearance and open discourse. To be sure, I would re-read my friend's letter, evaluate my initial reaction to it, ponder on whether and how I would write it differently if I felt the need to express my opinion on the subject of homosexuality, and consider whether the entire incident had changed my feelings for my friend or for my classmates. It is through this type of self-reflective process that I can be satisfied that my response to my friend's letter was honest. In sum, one cannot minimize the importance of open dialogue to flesh out the many perspectives our society maintains. Some arguments are better presented than others and, by definition, no one's opinion, though perhaps misguided, can be wrong. Indeed, critical to wise discourse is the ability to express one's opinions and listen to those of others openly and without bias. With hope, then, maybe one person who would otherwise belligerently convey preconceived, negative and baseless opinions will reflect and, instead, embrace a wise and healthy method of expression. Topic Outline I. Introduction A. Acceptance and tolerance lead to healthier expression and debate B. First, discuss the form of the letter's arguments with classmates C. Second, discuss the form of the letter's arguments with friend D. Third, reflect on whether I am tolerant and

Approaches to Standard Setting in Accounting Essay - 1

Approaches to Standard Setting in Accounting - Essay Example Financial statements are prepared and presented through observation of relevant accounting standards and procedures. Users of these statements, therefore, need to derive assessments that are realistic in regard to any given entity’s financial status. These users are spread across the economic context, based on the interest of each of them in the financial positions of different entities. To act in the satisfaction of these stakeholders, accounting standards are crucial in ensuring that financial reporting is effective enough. In this regard, capital markets operations are assessed for their efficacy in the context of accounting standards integration. The impacts of accounting standards on different entities can take more than one way. The impacts can be individual-entity-based or even broader to encompass several sectors of the economy or the entire economy at large, including capital and other markets. On a smaller scale, accounting standards enhance individual entity account ability and further provide strong basis upon which investors, creditors and other stakeholders are managed. In general, corporate governance is improved prior to business arrangements of different entities. ... Literature Review McLeay and Merkl (2004, p.341) notes that accounting standards operate by setting out general rules to be followed in financial statements’ preparation and financial reporting. These rules are practical prior to the accounting work in question. Entities differ in financial reporting methods through similar or close accounting standards are observed. This is due to the fact that there are a number of setters of accounting standards around the world. According to Bennett & Loucks (2008, p.407-419), major accounting standard setting bodies around the world include: Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), Committee on the Global Financial Systems (CGFS), Committee on Payment and Settlement System (CPSS), Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF), Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), Financial Stability Board (FSB), International Association of Deposit Insurers (IADI), International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS), Internati onal Accounting Standards Board (IASB), International Monetary Board (IMF), World Bank (WB), among others. In the UK, GAAP is responsible for setting accounting standards and regulating observance of company law. Accounting standards have three basic concepts that they account for. The first concept is to present the underlying problem. In this case, an intensive description of the underlying problem is presented. Upon the realization of a problem, there is the need to get a solution to the problem. The second concept is therefore that of fixing the problem highlighted in the first concept. Fundamental accounting theory is explored in pursuit of finding a viable solution to the

Work life balance “Don’t be fired by your family” Essay Example for Free

Work life balance â€Å"Don’t be fired by your family† Essay Best practice has shown that â€Å"both employees and employers can benefit when staff are able to adapt flexible work practices thereby enabling them to better manage their work and family responsibilities† (UQ, 2007, p. 1). In the end result this could increase employees productivity. â€Å"Supervisors have an important role in developing and maintaining a family-friendly work environment† (UQ, 2007, p. 1). â€Å"A supervisor could help creating this environment by flexibly organizing work arrangements and workloads taking into consideration certain factors such as night lecturing, summer schools, acting as a role model demonstrating understanding and acceptance of work family balance, and take a positive approach to negotiating flexible arrangements† (UQ, 2007, p. 1-2). 3. 2 Teleworking is good for business and employees Teleworking is another practice resulted in improving productivity. According to Business Legal Reports (2006), †teleworking has some benefits such as: relocation cost savings, increased productivity by reducing employees absentee, reduced costs for office space, and employee satisfaction† (p. 7). So, when supervisors consider benefiting from telework, they won’t only provide an improved work-life balance for the employee, but also they will get improved business performance for the employer. 3. 3 Other best practices 3. 3. 1 Concern for employee community (Employee Care Program and Employee Relations Program). This practice proved that it could reduce employees’ turnover. This kind of program â€Å"monitors how people are doing in their jobs and in their lives, offers rewards, gifts, annual picnic and holiday, flexible scheduling and telecommuting, and medical coverage. † 3. 3. 2 Encourage employees to take their vacations This practice is important to enable employees to relax enough to avoid stress, anxiety, emotional problems, job burnout in order to let employees perform at their optimum level. 3. 3. 3 Consumer-driven health care Textron, Inc is an example company that adopted this practice. The company â€Å"consolidated employee healthcare options and shifted to consumer-driven healthcare. This resulted in increased productivity, a significant decline in healthcare costs, and decrease in the casual absentee rates and the incidence of disability leave. † (Business Legal Reports, 2007b, p. 3) 2. Conducting Performance appraisals â€Å"Monitoring staff performance is a key for any supervisor. It should be part of on-going discussions with staff and volunteers about their work and the results obtained. † (Mathew, M. , 2007) According to Hays, S. W.(2004), â€Å"an immense amount of energy has recently been devoted to upgrading the quality of performance appraisals by tying them to organizational missions and goals. † (p. 262) 2. 1 Best practices for evaluation? According to Hays, S. W. (2004), best practices concerning evaluation showed that â€Å"HR experts agree that evaluations ought to (a) be based on objective and observable criteria, (b) involve mutual goal setting, (c) avoid the tendency to assess irrelevant worker traits, and (d) be tailored to each individual job and worker (rather than using one form for every employee). † 4. 2 360-Degree performance management feedback system According to Business Legal Reports (2006), â€Å"this system, which solicits feedback from boss, peers and direct reports if there are any, has been increasingly embraced as the best of all available methods for collecting performance feedback. † (p. 4) â€Å"The 360 process allows for multiple points of view to be given on any given individual. It neutralizes what might otherwise be one rater’s bias (either positive or negative) and helps to paint a more comprehensive picture of that individual’s performance. † (p. 4) 4. 3 Other best practices Hays, S. W. (2004) also mentioned other best practices in conducting performance appraisals such as: â€Å"Employee Performance Management System (EPMS), 360-degree evaluation, Team-based evaluations, and Gainsharing. † (p. 262) 5 Resolving Conflict According to Vogel, A. (2007), â€Å"unproductive workplace conflict arises when appropriate communication breaks down. The result is wasted work time; a drop in motivation, productivity and quality of service; employee attrition; loss of authority; a stressful work environment; and even direct damage to the company. † 5. 1 The best approach to avoid â€Å"The best approach to workplace conflict is to avoid unproductive quarreling altogether. And suggested four strategies –mentioned by Daniel Dana- for eliminating strife: (1) address conflict early, (2) avoid a one-sided solution, (3) take risks such as apologizing, (4) respect others’ peace-making gestures. † (Vogel, A. , 2007) 5. 2 Guidelines for managing the situation. Vogel, A, (2007) mentioned some guidelines to help managing scuffles before they escalate into real crisis such as: mediating conflict between two employees, decide to mediate, hold preliminary meetings, conduct a three-way meeting, work out a deal, self-mediation, step outside your office, listen first, and finally manage diverging viewpoints. † 6 Improving Employee Relations 6. 1 Create a newsletter One practice to improve employee relations is to create a newsletter that works for employee communications either a printed one or an electronic one (by e-mail or on the website). 6. 2 Build a forum on your website or intranet This forum will provide an informal communication channel for employees to share their ideas, events or even their problems 6. 3 Create shared events Being a supervisor you could make some events shared even if you turn the routine group tasks into fun shared events. For example CMP Technology made the spring-cleaning records become an event. â€Å"Employees worked together in teams and competed to win a dinner for the team and discarded 12 tons of unnecessary paper in the process. † (Business Legal Reports, 2007a2) III. Conclusion. The main conclusion is that best practices can -for sure- help supervisors and enhance the way they deal with their responsibilities with employees by adopting approaches, techniques, and policies to create a positive, creative, and supportive work environment. Another conclusion is that information technology has an important role in providing effective HR practices. Finally, supervisors should be a model themselves for their employees in order to make a real change. References Bjomberg, L. (2002). Training and development: Best practices. Public Personnel Management. Winter 2002.International Public Management Association for Human Resources Survey. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www. entrepreneur. com/tradejournals/article/160542388_1. html Business Legal Reports, Inc. (2006). Top 10 Best Practices in HR Management for 2008. United States of America: Business Legal Reports, Inc. Business Legal Reports (2007a1). 10 Tips for HR to Boost Intranet Efficiency. Best Practices in HR. (838), pp. 1-2 Business Legal Reports (2007a2). ‘Bin There, Dump That’-Spring Cleaning Recors Becomes Event at CMP Technology. Best Practices in HR. (838), pp. 3 Business Legal Reports (2007b). Case study: Move to consumer-driven healthcare decreases costs, improves employee health. Best Practices in Compensation Benefits. (734), pp. 3 Collins, R. Druten, K. V. (2003). Survey of Australian and New Zealand Human Resource Practices, CCH and AGSM. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www2. agsm. edu. au/agsm/web. nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/CCHREPORT2003/$FILE/CCH+Final+2003. pdf Hays, S. W. (2004). Trends and Best Practices in State and Local Human Resource Management: Lessons to be learned? Review of Public Administration, 24(3), pp. 256-275, SAGE Publications. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://rop.sagepub. com/cgi/content/abstract/24/3/256 Mathew, M. (2007). Best Practices Module: Human resources management. British Columbia Museum Association. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www. museumsassn. bc. ca/Images/Best%20Practices%20Modules%202/Human%20Resource%20Management%20FINAL. pdf Orsini, B. (2000). Improving Internal Communications. Internal Auditor. December 2000. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m4153/is_6_57/ai_69759744/pg_1 Rubin, L. Merripen, C. (2003). IGDA Business Committee: Best practices in Human Resources. IGDA. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from.

Anorexia and Bulimia Risk Factors

Anorexia and Bulimia Risk Factors Exploring Eating Disorders It is nearly impossible to walk past the aisles in stores without seeing headlines promising secrets to weight loss. Our cell phones are full of advertisements and videos of exercise routines. In the United States being thin has become a national obsession and places unrealistic expectations on what makes a female beautiful. To keep up with these expectations, females become dissatisfied with their bodies. With body dissatisfaction being the single most powerful contributor to the development of eating disorders, it is not surprising that these disorders continue to rise (Comer, 2015). The common eating disorders recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual are anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED) (APA, 2013). The focus of this paper is on the formally recognized eating disorders, anorexia and bulimia.   Briefly, these disorders are characterized by disturbances in body image and abnormal eating patterns. While the cause is elusive, to day’s theorists and researchers believe eating disorders arise from the interaction of multiple risk factors. The more of these factors that are present, the likelier they will develop an eating disorder. Among these factors include biological, psychological, and sociocultural (Rikani, 2013). Etiology Biological Factors Studies have shown a genetic contribution to developing eating disorders (Fairburn & Harrison, 2003). Certain genes may leave some people more susceptible to the development of eating disorders and researchers suggest that these diseases are biologically based forms of severe mental illnesses. This has been further supported by twin and family studies. For each disorder the estimated heritability ranges between 50% and 83%, therefore there is a possibility of genetic contribution to eating disorders (Treasure et al, 2003). Studies have also suggested role of serotonin levels since this specific neurotransmitter is important in the regulation of eating and mood (Fairburn & Harrison, 2003). Several studies have confirmed those suffering from anorexia nervosa measured lower serotonin levels and may be an indirect effect of eating disorders (Rikani, 2013). Psychological factors Around 73% of girls and females have a negative body image, compared with 56% of boys and men (Comer, 2013). Body dissatisfaction has been defined as â€Å"discontent with some aspect of one’s physical appearance† (Cash, 2012) and is a risk factor for developing an eating disorder (Stice, 2001). Furthermore, it â€Å"encompasses one’s body-related self-perceptions and self-attitudes, including thoughts, beliefs, feelings, and behaviors† (Cash, 2012). Research has measured as far back to adolescent years and how the onset of puberty could set the stage for their body image perceptions (Rikani, 2013). According to Treasure, Claudina, and Zucker (2003), most eating disorders occur during adolescence.   While females are more concerned about losing weight, their male counterparts are focused on the body image of needing to gain muscle. Additionally, female perceptions have been linked to negative body image and adolescent boys are likelier to have positive feelings about their bodies (Ata et al, 2007). Females ultimately feel discontent with the shape and size of their body at such an early age when they are forming their identities. Specifically, females are trying to fit into the image society has described as the ideal beauty of a woman, thus they become increasingly obsessed with disordered eating (Dittmar et al, 2009). In turn, they can suffer psychologically from low self-esteem, feelings of helplessness, and intense dissatisfaction with the way they look† (APA, 2013). Body image and body dissatisfaction have been measured by examining cognitive components, such as negative attitudes about the body or unrealistic expectations for appearance and behavioral components, such as avoiding perceived body scrutiny from others (e.g., avoiding swimming) (Thompson et al., 1999b). Ata, Ludden, and Lally (2007) also found strong links between eating disorders and feelings of depression and low self-esteem.    Sociocultural factors Many sociocultural factors like friends and family can influence the development of eating disorders. â€Å"Research focusing on the particular effects of teasing on female adolescents found that those who are teased about their weight, body shape, and appearance tend to exhibit poorer body image and are more likely to diet† (Ata et al., 2007). Furthermore, adolescents who have a relationship with their parents that are less supportive and filled with conflict are more likely to choose disordered eating behaviors and have poor body image. In a survey of individuals with eating disorders, they included family factors such as, poor parental control, controlling parents, poor relationship with parent, critical family environment as causal factors with eating disorders (Salafia et al., 2015). Swarr and Richards (1996) found that adolescents who have a healthy relationship with both parents are less likely to have concerns about their weight. During this vulnerable stage of development, adolescents place a high regard to the approval of their peers. Supported evidence shows that those with lower peer acceptance and social support may be linked to negative body image   (Ata et al., 2007). It is not surprising that body image has been an obsession in Western society for decades. The media has portrayed the continually changing concept of beauty through advertisements, social media, magazines, and television, in turn shaping society’s standard of beauty. Mulvey (1998) looked at the history of female beauty and the major changes in the female image over the years. The cinched waist was popular in the 1900’s, while being flat chested without curves were emphasized in the 1920’s. Throughout the 1930’s women were encouraged by societal standards to have curves and this emphasis continued through the 1950’s. Images of full figured women like Marilyn Monroe, Audrey Hepburn and Elizabeth Taylor influenced the way women wanted to look (Mulvey, 1998). It was not until the end of this decade that the thin ideal began to decrease in shape (Rumsey). Women began to alter their bodies through plastic surgery in the 1960’s to reach society’s standards. It was during this time that the body type drastically changed into the depiction of being extremely thin and â€Å"boyish.† The immense pressure to be thin carried throughout the 1970’s and the rail thin image resulted in an increase in eating disorders, especially anorexia (Mulvey, 1998). Fortunately, that image did not last long and women were advertised as being fit and sporty throughout the early 90s, yet thin models and anorexia became rampant again at the end of this decade. Sadly, this image of thinness has continued throughout the 21st century. Prevalence Measuring the prevalence of eating disorders is complex since countless numbers of people with the disorders do not seek treatment (Treasure et al., 2010). Research suggests that the stigma society has placed on eating disorders as being self-inflictive may factor in to why they do not seek help (Salafia et al., 2015). While eating disorders affect both genders, the prevalence among women and girls are 2  ½ times greater for females (NIMH, 2013). Additionally, Wade, Keski-Rahkonen, and Hudson (2011) found that 20 million women and 10 million men suffer from an eating disorder at some point in their life.   According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the lifetime prevalence among adults with eating disorders have measured to be 0.6% for both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa for the adult population. The main risk factors that have been linked to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are general factors such as, being female, adolescent/young adult, and living in Western society (NIMH, ). The National Institute of Mental Health reports of suicide being very common in women who suffer from anorexia nervosa and has the highest mortality rate around 10% among all mental disorders. As mentioned earlier, adolescent females are at a higher risk of developing eating disorders, which were related to low self-esteem, social support, and negative attitudes of their body image. While the age of onset frequently appears during teen years and young adulthood for both disorders, bulimia nervosa has a slightly later age of onset, however can begin the same way as anorexia nervosa (Fairburn & Harrison, 2003). A study found one-third of patients who had an initial diagnosis of anorexia nervosa crossed over to bulimia nervosa during 7 years of follow up (Eddy et al., 2008). Between .3 and .9% of this population are diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and .5 and 5% with bulimia nervosa (Salafia et al., 2015). Furthermore, the NIMH reported the lifetime prevalence of 13-18 year olds to be 2.7% for both eating disorders. Certain professions and subcultures have a higher prevalence of developing eating disorders. These include professions where bodyweight is highly valued, such as athletes, models, performers, and dancers. In studies with female athletes the prevalence rate of eating disorders ranged from 0% and 8%, which is higher than that of the general population. Among these athletes, 33% engage in eating behaviors that put them at risk for such disorders, such as vomiting and using laxatives. Additional factors that increase the risk for this population have been shown to be the transition into the college setting and moving away from home. Cultural Factors/Issues    Historically, there has been a stereotype of eating disorders to effect young, female Caucasians, who are educated and from an upper socio-economic class. However, research increasingly shows that this disorder does not discriminate and is being reported in other race/ethnicities of both upper and lower classes. The prevalence of eating disorders is similar among Non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics, African-Americans, and Asians in the United States, with the exception that anorexia nervosa is more common among Non-Hispanic Whites (Hudson et al., 2007; Wade et al., 2011). One report found that views about body image and eating disorders varies among cultures and Caucasian women have the lowest body satisfaction and self esteem while Latina women score in the middle in terms of self-esteem and body satisfaction (Eating Disorder Hope, 2013). The literature among African American women is scarce, however Lee & Lock (2007) found that this group had the highest level of self-esteem and body satisfaction. With more and more studies comcluding that eating disorders are occurring in other ethnic groups, it becomes imperative to note different cultural views and beliefs may influence this disorder. Common barriers among minority groups regarding treatment resistance, include language difficulties, lack of health insurance or transportation and lack of resources. Barriers can be present in all ethnicities with eating disorders, but ultimately their cultural beliefs tends to be the greatest influence   in their decision to whether they seek treatment (McCaslin, 2014). Clinical picture Mental disorders have been portrayed throughout movies and literature. While most do not portray a clear clinical picture of those disorders, a compelling illustration is of actress, Portia de Rossi, is able to show what it looks like and a raw mage of the eating disorder in her book, Unbearable Lightness: A Story of Loss and Gain. She writes about her personal struggle with body image and testimony of her eating disorder. Her struggle with anorexia and bulimia began when she was modeling at the age of 12 after her agents informed her she needed to go on a diet. She was influenced by her older colleagues to vomit to maintain the rail-thin figure directors favored. The actress discussed her disordered eating behaviors, such as taking 20 laxatives a day and restricting her caloric intake to 300 calories a day. She explained the overwhelming desire for perfectionism. Her personal account of her struggle with an eating disorder and illustrates the clinical picture of what it looks like t o live through anorexia. From the competitiveness, obsessions, and distorted thoughts, she reveals a life of trying to measure up to the relentless pursuit to measure up to society’s standards of beauty. Ronald Comer’s text, Abnormal Psychology, also gives a clinical insight into the nature of eating disorders. Sufferers have dysfunctional eating attitudes towards food. The main goal for people who suffer from anorexia nervosa is to become thin. They are fearful of gaining weight and the loss of control over the size and shape of their body. People with this disorder are so preoccupied with food that it results in food deprivation. Their thinking becomes distorted and are likely to have negative perceptions and poor body image. Distorted thinking can lead to psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety low self-esteem, and insomnia in those who suffer from anorexia nervosa. Comer (2015) provides research that suggests sufferers may also display symptoms of obsessive-compulsive patterns. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) confirms this finding of eating disorders being linked to other mental health issues. The APA reported 50-70% suffer from depression, 42-75% have a present personality disorder, 30-37% of bulimic sufferers engage in substance abuse as well as 12-18% of anorexic sufferers. Approximately 25% have OCD and 4-6% suffer from bipolar disorder.   It is common for sufferers to engage in over exercising, misusage of laxatives and diuretics, and a decreased interest in the outside world (Fairburn & Harrison, 2003). Research has considered the main physical features of anorexia nervosa. The physical symptoms have included, heightened sensitivity to cold, gastrointestinal problems, dizziness, amenorrhea, and insomnia. The physical signs of a sufferer of this disorder may show signs of emaciation, dry skin, erosion of teeth, and cardiac arrhythmias (Fairburn & Harrison, 2003). Bulimia Nervosa is defined by the DSM-V as eating behaviors that involve binging and purging to avoid weight gain (APA, 2013). Similar to anorexia nervosa, symptoms of depression and anxiety are often seen and sufferers may also engage in substance misuse or self-injury, or both (Fairburn & Harrison, 2003). Mitchell et al. (1983) found physiological electrolyte abnormalities in patients with bulimia nervosa, which can lead to irregular heartbeat and seizures. Other health complications of this eating disorder may include edema/swelling, dehydration, vitamin/mineral deficiencies, gastrointestinal problems, inflammation or possible rupture of the esophagus, tooth decay, and even chronic kidney problems/failure (Alliance for Eating Disorders Awareness, 2013). Evaluating the prevelance of having eating disorders is fairly new for researchers and health care providers, however, continues to be challenging with the major gap in literature. Eating disorders are severe conditions and often associated with comorbidity and adverse medical conditions, as described earlier. Therefore, a large part of research only focuses on the psychiatric comorbidity in eating disorders, including depression, personality disorder, substance abuse, and obsessive compulsive disorder. The stigma society has placed on eating disorders also influences the accuracy regarding the costs of these disorders, whether they are impacted directly or indirectly. The lack of reporting within the health care sector continues to make it difficult to estimate costs and prevalence. It is very common for sufferers to seek treatment for the physical problems than the eating disorder itself and one in four individuals actually seek treatment specifically directed at improving their eating disorder symptoms (Striegel-Moore et al., 2003). In past research that reviewed insurance claims regarding eating disorders, it was found that many insurance companies did not cover treatment for these disorders, which often resulted in the treatment providers to use different diagnostic codes when submitting the claims (Striegel-Moore et al., 2003).   One clinical trial that reviewed health records and insurance codes found that 42% of the claims related to weight or eating disorders, however, only 4% had an actual eating disorder diagnosis (Rosselli, 2016). Samnaliev et al. (2015) measured the impact of eating disorders on health care costs, employment status, and income in the United States. Their evaluation indicated that individuals with eating disorders had more health care costs than those who did not have an eating disorder. In addition, if one had a comorbid then they saw an increase in annual costs, compared to those with no comorbidities. Another impact of the disease that they found during their analysis was lower rates of employment for those with eating disorders. The study also found a link between higher hospitalization costs for sufferers of anorexia nervosa compared to those with bulimia nervosa. Another study (Agras, 2001) found the average cost for inpatient treatment for female anorexics was $17,384 compared to the cost of $9088 for bulimic patients. The same study found treatment for outpatient settings for treatment of anorexia and bulimia to average around $2344. The costs of treating eating disorders were compared to schizophrenia and OCD and indicated costs for anorexia were not significantly different from schizophrenia, however much more expensive than treatment for OCD (Agras, 2001). Research While there has been a significant amount of research speculating the factors that influence the development to eating disorders, it continues to remain challenging. Questions remain unanswered regarding the etiology, prevelance cross-culturally, and effective treatment approaches. The only promising finding in current research has been the evidence that heritable factors make a significant contribution to the etiology of these disorders. (Walsh, 2004). Another issue regarding the research is that a considerable amount is focuses on the eating disorders of Caucasian females in Western society in part due to the stigma placed on eating disorders. Past studies found that eating behaviors of young African American women were more positive than those of young white American women. However, over the past decade research has suggested that body image concerns/dissatisfaction, and disordered eating behaviors have increased for young African American women, as well as women of other minority groups. Despite these trends, society continues to believe that it is likelier for a white American female to develop an eating disorder, rather than a woman of a minority group (Comer, 2015).   It is clear that eating disorders are happening within other cultures, however, the prevelance continues to be an issue to measure. There are also issues regarding treatment. There is ongoing research on the efficacy of treatment for bulimia nervosa, but not for sufferers of anorexia nervosa, which suggests that future research should focus on interventions and treatments for this type of eating disorder. Furthermore, with culture being a risk factor in eating disorders, the development of culturally specific interventions and their efficacy could be beneficial for   future research (Walsh, 2004). Prevention It would be helpful for clinicians to hold a multidemensial risk perspective regarding eating disorders until findings point to the exact etiology of the disorder. With new research and data strongly suggesting genetic influence, it is promising that the etiology may eventually be explained. It is importance to understand that all eating disorders occur in all races and ethnicities. Sala et al. (2014) made suggestions for prevention of the disorders, such as public health campaigns to increase awareness and peer recognition since adolescents place a higher value to what their peers think of them. If awareness is brought about in schools than earlier detection may prevent eating disorders among adolescents. Also, since studies suggest that the family has an influence on the younger population, they could be used to inform prevention approaches at the family level (Langdon-Daly & Serpell, 2017). Treatment Being familiar with the factors invluencing the development of the eating disorder is imperative in order to understand and adequately help the person suffering from anorexia or bulimia. With that being said, the lack of empirical research regarding the treatment of anorexia nervosa is scarce, thus making it difficult to treat. Studies have shown a strong emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach for sufferers of anorexia is helpful. This approach involves a team of medical, nutritional, social, and psycholological professionals. Therpists typically use a combination of psychotherapy and family therapyto overcome the underlying issue of anorexia nervosa sufferers ( Comer, 2015). Treatment for bulimia nervosa is often in clinic settings with the goals of eliminating the binge-purge patterns, developing healthier eating behaviors, and removing the underlying influence (Comer, 2015) A large amount of research concerning the treatment of bulimia nervosa suggests that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is the treatment of choice, while other data suggests CBT being unsuccessful for anorexia. This proves of the need for new interventions and treatment models for eating disorders, specifically anorexia. Strong evidence from pharmacological trials have found that Pharmacotherapy is effective in treatment for bulimia in the short term. Other models of treatment regarding bulimia focus on emotional regulation, such as dialectical behavior therapy (Treasure et al., 2010). A new approach that has gained preliminary support is Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). ACT focuses on accepting unwanted feelings/thoughts and seeing them as part of being human. One study suggested that ACT could be neneficial with patients of eating disorders. Treatment interventions that target negative body image may be beneficial when developing newer interventions and approaches towards treatment since both eating disorders have a strong desire to control their urges, thoughts, and feelings (Butryn et al., 2013). Conclusion Eating disorders are complex and various factors can influence the development of an eating disorder. These disorders cross all cultural and social backgrounds. While the exact etiology is unknown the overlapping theories help in understanding the combination of factors that influence the causes of eating disorders, It is important to understand they are severe mental disorders and have serious medical consequences.   The advancement in today’s research is encouraging and may eventually offer better treatment options and specific links to the development of an eating disorders. References Agras, W. S. (2001). THE CONSEQUENCES AND COSTS OF THE EATING DISORDERS. Psychiatric Clinics, 24(2), 371–379 Alliance for Eating Disorders Awareness. (2013). Eating Disorders. Retrieved from https://www.allianceforeatingdisorders Alvarenga, M. S., Koritar, P., Pisciolaro, F., Mancini, M., Cordà ¡s, T. A., & Scagliusi, F. B. (2014). Eating attitudes of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and obesity without eating disorder female patients: differences and similarities.  Physiology & behavior,  131, 99-104. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC. Ata, R. N., Ludden, A. B., & Lally, M. M. (2007). The effects of gender and family, friend, and media influences on eating behaviors and body image during adolescence.  Journal of Youth and Adolescence,  36(8), 1024-1037. Barth, D. F., & Starkman, H. (2016). Introduction to Body Meets Mind: Eating Disorders and Body Image A Twenty First Century Perspective. Clinical Social Work Journal , 44 (1), 1-3. Brown, J. M., Selth, S., Stretton, A., & Simpson, S. (2016). Do dysfunctional coping modes mediate the relationship between perceived parenting style and disordered eating behaviors?  Journal of eating disorders,  4(1), 27. Butryn, M. L., Juarascio, A., Shaw, J., Kerrigan, S. G., Clark, V., O’Planick, A., & Forman, E. M. (2013). Mindfulness and its relationship with eating disorders symptomatology in women receiving residential treatment. Eating Behaviors, 14(1), 13–16. Cash TF, Pruzinsky T, editors. Body Image: A Handbook of Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice. New York: Guilford Press; 2002. Comer, R. J. (2015). Abnormal Psychology. New York, New York: Worth Publishers. Cui, H., Moore, J., Ashimi, S. S., Mason, B. L., Drawbridge, J. N., Han, S., & Pieper, A. A. (2013). Eating disorder predisposition is associated with ESRRA and HDAC4 mutations.  The Journal of clinical investigation,  123(11). Dittmar, Helga, Emma Halliwell, and Emma Striling. â€Å"Understanding the Impact of Thin Media Models on Women’s Body-Focused Affect: The Roles of thin-Ideal Internalization and Weight-Related Self-Discrepancy Activation in Experimental Exposure Effects.† Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 28.1, 43-72, 2009. Easter, M. M. (2012). Not all my fault†: Genetics, stigma, and personal responsibility for women with eating disorders.  Social Science & Medicine (1982),  75(8), 1408–1416. Eating Disorder Hope. (2013, July 26). Retrieved April 25, 2017, from https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/information/eating-disorder/ethnic-minorities Eddy  KT, Dorer  DJ, Franko  DL, Tahilani  K, Thompson-Brenner  H, Herzog  DB.  Diagnostic crossover in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: implications for DSM-V.  Ã‚  Am J Psychiatry.  2008;165(2):245-250 Fairburn, C. G., & Harrison, P. J. (2003). Eating disorders.  The Lancet,  361(9355), 407-416. Fogelkvist, M., Parling, T., Kjellin, L., & Gustafsson, S. A. (2016). A qualitative analysis of participants’ reflections on body image during participation in a randomized controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy.  Journal of Eating Disorders,  4(1), 29. Heaner, M. K., & Walsh, B. T. (2013). A history of the identification of the characteristic eating disturbances of Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder and Anorexia Nervosa.  Appetite,  65, 185-188. Hoek HW. Classification, epidemiology and treatment of DSM-5 feeding and eating disorders. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2013;26(5):529–31. Hoek, H. W., & van Hoeken, D. (2003). Review of the prevalence and incidence of eating disorders.  International Journal of Eating Disorders, 34(4), 383-396 Kaye, Walter. â€Å"Eating Disorders: Hope Despite Mortal Risk.† Am J Psychiatry 166.23, 2009. Kelly, Amy M., Melanie Wall, Marle E. Eisenberg, Mary Story, and Dianne Neumark-Sztainer. â€Å"Adolescent Girls with High Body Satisfaction: Who are they and what can they teach us?† Journal of Adolescent Health 37.5, 391-396, 2005. Langdon-Daly, J., & Serpell, L. (2017). Protective factors against disordered eating in family systems: a systematic review of research.  Journal of Eating Disorders,  5(1), 12. Lee HY and Lock, J: Anorexia nervosa in Asian-American adolescents: do they differ from their non-Asian peers? International Journal of Eating Disorders 2007;40:227-231. McCaslin, K. K. (2014). Eating Disorders in Women Across Cultures (Masters thesis, University of Redlands). Retrieved from h p://inspire.redlands.edu/proudian/1. Miller, KJ et al: Comparisons of body image dimensions by racve/ethnicity and gender in a university population. International Journal of Eating Disorders 2000;27:310-316. Mitchell, J. E., Pyle, R. L., Eckert, E. D., Hatsukami, D., & Lentz, R. (1983). Electrolyte and other physiological abnormalities in patients with bulimia.  Psychological Medicine,  13(2), 273-278. National Institute of Mental Health (2013). Eating Disorders. Retrieved April 20, 20157, from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/eating-disorders/index.shtml Rikani, A. e. (2013). A critique of the literature on etiology of eating disorders. Annals of Neurosciences , 20 (4), 157-161. Rosselli, F. (2017). Reducing the burden of suffering from eating disorders: Unmet treatment needs, cost of illness, and the quest for cost-effectiveness.  Behavior Research and Therapy,  88, 49-64. Sala, M., Reyes-Rodrà ­guez, M. L., Bulik, C. M., & Bardone-Cone, A. (2013). Race, Ethnicity, and Eating Disorder Recognition by Peers.  Eating Disorders,  21(5), 423–436. Salafia, E. H. B., Jones, M. E., Haugen, E. C., & Schaefer, M. K. (2015). Perceptions of the causes of eating disorders: a comparison of individuals with and without eating disorders.  Journal of eating disorders,  3(1), 32. Samnaliev, M., Noh, H. L., Sonneville, K. R., & Austin, S. B. (2015). The economic burden of eating disorders and related mental health comorbidities: An exploratory analysis using the US Medical Expenditures Panel Survey.  Preventive medicine reports,  2, 32-34. Sharan, P., & Sundar, A. S. (2015). Eating disorders in women.  Indian Journal of Psychiatry,  57(Suppl 2), S286–S295. Soh, N. L. W., & Walter, G. (2013). Publications on cross-cultural aspects of eating disorders.  Journal of eating disorders,  1(1), 4. Striegel-Moore, R. H., Dohm, F. A., Kraemer, H. C., Taylor, C. B., Daniels, S., Crawford, P. B., & Schreiber, G. B. (2003). Eating disorders in white and black women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(7), 1326e1331. Stice E. Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2002;128:825–48. Surgenor, L. J., & Maguire, S. (2013). Assessment of anorexia nervosa: an overview of universal issues and contextual challenges.  Journal of eating disorders,  1(1), 29. Swarr AE, Richards MH (1996) Longitudinal effects of adolescent girls’ pubertal development, perceptions of pubertal timing, and parental relations on eating problems. Dev Psychol 32(4):636–646. Thompson JK, Heinberg LJ, Altabe M, Tantleff-Dunn S (1999b) Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance. 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Comparing Financial Ratio Analysis Between Two Companies Finance Essay

Comparing Financial Ratio Analysis Between Two Companies Finance Essay A financial report or the financial statement is known as an official record of the financial activities of a person, a business, or any other entity. In the British English also including the United Kingdom company rule; a financial statement is frequently mentioned as an account, even though the word financial statement is also mostly used, mostly by the accountants. In a business enterprise, all the related financial evidence, presented in a structured method and in a form that is really easy to copy and understand by others, are called the financial declarations. They normally contain four basic financial declarations, escorted by a management analysis and discussion. Statement of cash flows: reports that shows the cash flow activities of a company, normally its operation, financing and investing activities. Balance sheet: this is also referred as the statement of financial condition or position, reports that show the companys  assets, ownership equity, and the  liabilities at a given period of time. Statement of retained earnings: this explains the changes in the retained earnings of a company over its reporting period. Income statement: this is referred to as a Loss and Profit statement, income reports of a company, profits, and expenses over a certain period of time. Loss and Profit account is provided with information on the process of the enterprise. These include the various expenses and the sale that acquired during the dispensation state. For the large organizations, these statements are often difficult and may include a wide-ranging set of notes to the financial statements and analysis and management discussion. The notes are usually describing each item on the cash flow statement, balance sheet, and income statement in more detail. All notes to financial declarations are considered an integral part of the financial declarations. Two companies are compared and contrasted. This will show the difference of everything between both these companies. It shows the different income ane different profits earned by these companies. It also shows that even different companies have many things that do not come in common. FORMULA TIME ENGINEERING BERHAD WONG ENGINEERING CORPORATION BERHAD Liquidity Ratios Networking Capital= Current Assets Current Liabilities = 358618 113715 = 244903 = 51929026 1517900 = 50411126 Current Ratio= _Current Assets__ Current Liabilities 358618 / 113715 = 3.15 = 51929026 / 1517900 = 34.21 Quick Ratio = Current Assets (Inventory+Prepaid Expense) Current Liabilities = 358618 ( 72 + 35220 ) 113715 = 358618 ( 35292 ) 113715 = ( 323326 ) 113715 = 2.843 = 51929026 ( 19423010 + 175601 ) 1517900 = 51929026 ( 21179021 ) 1517900 = 3721752.23 Assets Utilization Ratios Accounts Receivable Turnover ( Net Credit Sales + Average Accounts Receivable) = 256536 . [ 64657 + (24970 / 2) ] = 256536 . ( 64657 + 12485 ) = 256536 77124 = 3.32 N / A Average Collection Period = Accounts Receivable Daily Credit Sales = 24970 . ( 68643 / 365 ) = 24970 118.06 = 132.7 = 133 days = 1777208 . ( 11995710 / 365 ) = 1777208 32864.96 = 54.08 = 54 days Inventory Turnover Ratio = Cost of Goods Sold Average Inventory = 64651 . ( 40964 / 2 ) = 64651 20482 = 3.16 = 63297596 . ( 19423010 / 2 ) = 63297596 9711505 = 6.52 Fixed Assets Turnover = Net Sales . Total Fixed Assets = 999132 2248486 = 0.444 = 2370124 . 147201386 = 0.016 Leverage Ratio Debt Ratio = Net Sales . Total Assets = 999132 2248486 = 0.444 = 0.444 x 100 = 44.4 % = 2370124 . 147201386 = 0.016 = 0.016 x 100 = 1.6 % Equity Ratio = Total Liabilities . Stockholders Equity = 1249165 959625 =1.301 = 15446858 129147162 = 0.120 Times Interest Earned Ratio = Earnings Before interest and Tax Interest Expense = 106497 7218 = 17.53 = 18 times N / A Profitability Ratios Gross Profit Margin = Gross Profit Net Sales = 200887 999132 = 0.201 = 0.201 x 100 = 20.1 % = 6900285 2370124 = 2.911 = 2.911 x 100 = 291.1 % Return on Total Assets = Net Income . Average Total Assets = 68643 . ( 2248486 / 2 ) = 68643 1124243 = 0.061 = 70197881 . ( 147201386 / 2 ) = 7019881 73600693 = 0.095 Return Common Equity = Earning Available to Commons Stockholders Average Stockholder Equity = 39696 959626 = 0.041 N /A Market Value Ratios Earnings per Share = Net Income-Preferred Dividends . Total Common Shares Outstanding = 24970 56490 = 0.442 N /A Dividend Yield = Dividend per Share Market Price per Share N / A N / A Conclusion Those are the following latest reports of financial reports of two different companies. As what we can see above is that WONG ENGINEERING CORPORATION BERHAD (WECB) has better network and better income compared to TIME ENGINEERING BERHAD (TEB). But both companies are from the same industries. Both of these companies are in the engineering field. They both sell products regarding engineering. By comparing these companies we can clearly see which company is much more successful and which is not. As you can see that the amounts of WONG ENGINEERING CORPORATION BERHAD is very high compared to TIME ENGINEERING BERHAD, but (WECB) has no income at all. They suffer from loss. Even though (TEB) has low income they do have some profit at the end of the day. This makes it clear that amount is not enough to make a company successful; a company needs skills to do so. Therefore the companies are compared and contrasted.

Voltaire and the Enlightenment Essay -- Essays Papers

Voltaire and the Enlightenment During the eighteenth century a group of French writers and critics known as the Philosophes favored change and reform. They believed in the power of the human mind, which was an idea that was inspired by the Scientific Revolution. The philosophes had faith in the power of rational criticism to challenge the tradition of the past. They also sought to apply the rules of reason and common sense to nearly all major institutions and social practices. The philosophes proposed a new kind of organized religion, a social religion which encouraged harmony and tolerance while strengthening the bonds of moral obligations within society. One of the major French philosophes during the eighteenth century was Voltaire. He was greatly inspired by the work of Isaac Newton during the Scientific Revolution, who believed there was a close relationship between his scientific theory and religion. Like Newton, Voltaire also theorized about the existence of God. One critic named Victor Hugo wrote, "'To name Voltaire is to characterize the entire Eighteenth Century. Italy had a Renaissance and Germany had Reformation, but France had Voltaire.'"1 Voltaire strongly believed that humans used their reason to make decisions and he also proposed a social religion and speculated about the existence of God which caused people to question their faith and reason. Voltaire, like many other Philosophes, believed in man provided that he was educated and used his reason. However, many people in Voltaire's time were illiterate, superstitious, unreasonable, and relied upon the guidance of the ruler. Voltaire believed in enlightened despotism, which was when the people obeyed the laws and made sure they were fairly enforced by all cla... ... the church and caused many people to question their faith and reason. Voltaire was one of the many philosophes who challenged people's faith and who was a part of the advancements in reason during the Enlightenment. - Frederick Artz, The Enlightenment in France (Oberlin: The Kent State University - Press, 1968), p. 66. - See Frederick Artz, p. 76. - See Frederick Artz, p. 79. - See Frederick Artz, p. 80. - Ronald Boss, "The Development of Social Religion: A Contradiction of French - Free Thought," Journal of the History of Ideas v. 34, no.4 (1973): p. 582. - See Ronald Boss, p. 583. - See Ronald Boss, p. 584. - See Ronald Boss, p. 585. - Rosemary Lauer, The Mind of Voltaire: A Study of his "Constructive Deism" (Westminster: Newman Press, 1961), p.90. - See Rosemary Lauer, p. 91. - See Rosemary Lauer, p. 92. - See Rosemary Lauer, p. 93.

lieshod Marlow’s Lie in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essays

Marlow’s Lie in Heart of Darkness       Throughout the Heart of Darkness scenes, we get several glimpses of Marlow's particular attitudes towards women, that they are creatures that live "in a world of their own, and that there had never been anything like it, and never can be" (Longman, p. 2199). Women are able to create and see the beauty in life, something that is harder for men to do, roughened by hard work and misfortunes. Marlow also states, this time to his audience aboard the Nellie, "We must help them to stay in that beautiful world of their own, lest ours gets worse" (Longman, p. 2225). By this he means simply that part of what draws men to women is their capacity for beauty, to preserve and keep the "finer" things in life, which men can draw upon to enlighten them and give a sense of peace to their existence.    This sense of needing to preserve the beliefs and "beauty" of the Intended is why Marlow lies to her in the end. He abhors lies, his own beliefs that "there is a taint of death, a flavour of mortality in lies..." (Longman, p. 2210) is what leads to the d...

Mistakes Made by Society and The Work of Louis Pasteur and Rachel Carso

Held as one of the most highly regarded facts of the scientific community, theories often change with the presentation of new evidence. However, the motivation behind obtaining this new evidence is often overlooked, wrought with political and personal motives guiding the work of scientists, as these scientists are able to make an impact on the rest of the world. Though separated by a century, Louis Pasteur and Rachel Carson offered evidence to solve some of the biggest questions of their time period, with Louis Pasteur effectively concluding the spontaneous generation debate and Rachel Carson promoting awareness of our careless use of DDT and the impact this had on future generations. By the mid 1800’s, Louis Pasteur was caught up in the spontaneous generation debate after reviewing the contradictory experiments performed by Francesco Redi, John Needham, and Lazarro Spallanzani. Two centuries prior to Pasteur, Redi had argued that spontaneous generation could not occur, supported with experimental evidence. However, only one century prior to Pasteur, John Needham had shown that growth would occur in a flask of sterilized broth, which directly refuted Redi’s claim that spontaneous generation did not occur. Seeing a flaw in Needham’s experiment, Spallanzani repeated the experiment, this time sterilizing the broth and the air present in the flask. Without this source of contamination, the flask remained sterilized, while a similar flask of broth which he left open to the environment began to show signs of growth. In refute of Spallanzani, those who believed in spontaneous generation said that the air carried a necessary â€Å"life forceâ €  which life may directly come from. One hundred years later, Louis Pasteur joins the debate... ...n with their work, the needs of society demanded their work be done, whether explicitly stated or not. Society had failed to recognize a potential threat in their time period and the work of these people changed the way people conducted their lives. Without people like Pasteur and Carson to correct the overlooked mistakes made by society, society may crumble under the weight of its own ignorance. Works Cited 1-9 Spontaneous generation was an attractive theory to many people, but was ultimately disproven.. (2003, January 1). . Retrieved May 8, 2014, from http://www.microbiologytext.com/index.php?module=Book&func=displayarticle&art_id=27 Regis, E. (2008). What is life?: investigating the nature of life in the age of synthetic biology. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Carson, R., & Darling, L. (1962). Silent spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin ;.