Japan’s Development & History

Those legends that give the historical backdrop of Japan shows that, Japan was established in 600 BC by the sovereign called Jimmu. Jimmu is supposed to be an immediate relative of sun goddess, and furthermore the current decision precursor of the supreme family.Japan embraced the Chinese composing framework, along with the Buddhism religion. This really got an impact to the Japanese culture. The Japanese indigenous culture depends on the sovereign idea, and has Buddhism as the point of convergence. The way of life in the Japan entered in progressive waves in the continent.Different ideas in Japan that has come about go into past, involves all the human exercises indication from the second the man originally populated the archipelago of Japan.Research has demonstrated that during the Pleistocene time frame Japan was possessed. The individuals who hindered Japan during those occasions abandoned social stays, for example, chipped stones. The chipped actualizes of this time are arranged into four gatherings. The principal class comprises of the shale center implements.The shale center actualize for some situation are characterized as hand tomahawks. The subsequent classification is the obsidian and piece shale executes. These some way or another comprise of the upper European Paleolithic modern drops. The third categopry involves the initiate. This much of the time is related to the Solutrean of the Europe. The last gathering is made by the sharp edge executes. These actualizes have their microlithic extent examples expanding progressively.The culture of Japan came to fruition in the time of Yayoi. The current anthropologists contend out that, Japanese are immediate relatives of the Jomon individuals. The Jomon culture in Japan is partitioned into five periods. These periods incorporate the: most punctual, early, center, late and most recent stage. The period of the most punctual Jomon was commanded by base pointed connoid potteries.The second period of Jomon was described by the round and hollow stonewares of a sinewy temper. The third stage, that is, the center stage was described by the development of the social subareas: focal, northeastern, and southeastern.The center period of culture in Japan thought of huge numbers of issues. In the late stage, three unmistakable subareas are covered by stoneware that was string denoted that is dark or dim, meager walled and all around terminated. Â At present a large portion of the social practices in Japan are like those of china (Shenfield, 1998, pp 55).The relationship that exists between dialects is communicated by correspondence in: jargon, syntactic structure, as validated by the law of phonetic. In Japan, concerning sentence structure, it is very unique to Austroasian, Chinese, and Austronesian.However, Japan has some basic comparability in its language with the Altaic gathering. Japanese and Korean offer numerous sentence structure focuses just as an antiquated vowel agreement use. They lik ewise share in any event 200 cognates of vocabulary.The semantics information of Japanese can be followed back to the third century A.D. be that as it may, came to be progressively after the ninth century. When contrasted and the neighboring language the Japanese language is in a superior state. To contrast them and the antiquated Japanese is hard. The purpose behind this appears to legitimize the substantial variety along a running cline from southeastern to north eastern (Shenfield, 1998, pp. 57).In the procedure of its turn of events, in 1542 Japan began to encounter contact with the western nations, for example, Netherlands, England, Spain, and Portugal. The principle focus on these nations coming to Japan was to exchange with Japan.Later in seventeenth century Japan understood that the dealers and the evangelists from the west nations were being utilized as military triumph trailblazers by the European forces. This prompted shogunates to put extremely close limitations on the o utsiders. At last, this constrained those outsiders who remained in Japan to leave.This banished the connection between the Japan and the outside nations with the exception of the china and Dutch vendors. The limitation went on for a long time, when Matthew Perry of the United States naval force sought exchange so Japan could be opened for the west.The restored contact with the west following quite a while significantly changed the Japanese society. There was reclamation of the sovereign into power as the shogunate surrendered. The 1868 Meiji reclamation acquired such a significant number of changes in Japan.There was abolishment of primitive framework, selection of a few western foundations which incorporated the administration constitution along with the parliamentary lines, and the western training and lawful frameworks (Mulgan, 2000, pp. 70).

The Lost Symbol Chapter 93-97

Part 93 Franklin Square is situated in the northwest quadrant of downtown Washington, circumscribed by K and Thirteenth avenues. It is home to numerous noteworthy structures, most eminently the Franklin School, from which Alexander Graham Bell sent the world's first remote message in 1880. High over the square, a quick moving UH-60 helicopter drew nearer from the west, having finished its excursion from the National Cathedral surprisingly fast. A lot of time, Sato thought, peering down at the square underneath. She realized it was important that her men got into position undetected before their objective showed up. He said he wouldn't be here for at any rate twenty minutes. On Sato's order, the pilot played out a â€Å"touch-hover† on the top of the tallest structure aroundâ€the famous One Franklin Squareâ€a transcending and renowned place of business with two gold towers on top. The move was unlawful, obviously, yet the chopper was there just a couple of moments, and its slips scarcely contacted the rock housetop. When everybody had leaped out, the pilot promptly lifted off, banking toward the east, where he would move to â€Å"silent altitude† and offer imperceptible help from above. Sato held up as her field group gathered their things and arranged Bellamy for his assignment. The Architect was all the while looking shocked from having seen the record on Sato's protected PC. As I said . . . an issue of national security. Bellamy had immediately comprehended Sato's importance and was currently completely agreeable. â€Å"All set, ma'am,† Agent Simkins said. On Sato's order, the specialists guided Bellamy over the housetop and vanished down a flight of stairs, heading for ground level to take up their positions. Sato strolled to the edge of the structure and looked down. The rectangular lush park underneath filled the whole square. A lot of spread. Sato's group completely comprehended the significance of making an undetected block. On the off chance that their objective detected a nearness here and concluded just to sneak away . . . the chief would not like to consider it. The breeze up here was breezy and cold. Sato folded her arms over herself, and planted her feet solidly to abstain from getting blown over the edge. From this high vantage point, Franklin Square looked littler than she reviewed, with less structures. She pondered which building was Eight Franklin Square. This was data she had mentioned from her investigator Nola, from whom she anticipated word at any second. Bellamy and the operators currently showed up, appearing as though ants fanning out into the dimness of the lush zone. Simkins situated Bellamy in a clearing close to the focal point of the abandoned park. At that point Simkins and his group dissolved into the normal spread, vanishing from see. In practically no time, Bellamy was distant from everyone else, pacing and shuddering in the light of a streetlamp close to the focal point of the recreation center. Sato had no sympathy. She lit a cigarette and took a long drag, appreciating the glow as it penetrated her lungs. Fulfilled that everything beneath was all together, she ventured once again from the edge to anticipate her two telephone callsâ€one from her examiner Nola and one from Agent Hartmann, whom she had sent to Kalorama Heights. Part 94 Slow down! Langdon held the rearward sitting arrangement of the Escalade as it flew around a corner, taking steps to tip up on two tires. CIA operator Hartmann was either anxious to flaunt his driving abilities to Katherine, or he had requests to get to Peter Solomon before Solomon sufficiently recovered to state anything he shouldn't state to the nearby specialists. The rapid round of beat-the-red-light on Embassy Row had been troubling enough, yet now they were hustling through the winding private neighborhood of Kalorama Heights. Katherine yelled bearings as they went, having been to this current man's home prior that evening. With each turn, the calfskin sack at Langdon's feet shook to and fro, and Langdon could hear the bang of the capstone, which had plainly been jolted from the highest point of the pyramid and was currently ricocheting around in the base of his pack. Dreading it may get harmed, he angled around inside until he discovered it. It was still warm, however the sparkling content had now blurred and vanished, coming back to its unique etching: The mystery stows away inside The Order. As Langdon was going to put the capstone in a side pocket, he saw its exquisite surface was secured with minuscule white gobs of something. Confused, he attempted to clear them off, however they were adhered on and hard to the touch . . . like plastic. What on the planet? He could now observe that the outside of the stone pyramid itself was additionally secured with the little white spots. Langdon utilized his fingernail and took one out, moving it between his fingers. â€Å"Wax?† he shouted. Katherine looked behind her. â€Å"What?† â€Å"There are bits of wax everywhere throughout the pyramid and capstone. I don't get it. Where could that have come from?† â€Å"Something in your sack, maybe?† â€Å"I don't think so.† As they adjusted a corner, Katherine pointed through the windshield and went to Agent Hartmann. â€Å"That's it! We're here.† Langdon looked up and saw the turning lights of a security vehicle left in a carport up ahead. The carport door was pulled aside and the specialist gunned the SUV inside the compound. The house was a breathtaking manor. Each light inside was burning, and the front entryway was fully open. About six vehicles were left randomly in the carport and on the grass, obviously having shown up in a rush. A portion of the vehicles were all the while running and had their headlights sparkling, most on the house, yet one awry, for all intents and purposes blinding them as they drove in. Operator Hartmann slipped to a stop on the yard adjacent to a white car with a splendidly hued decal: PREFERRED SECURITY. The turning lights and the high shafts in their face made it difficult to see. Katherine quickly leaped out and hustled for the house. Langdon hurled his pack onto his shoulder without setting aside the effort to zip it up. He followed Katherine nice and easy over the yard toward the open front entryway. The hints of voices resounded inside. Behind Langdon, the SUV peeped as Agent Hartmann bolted the vehicle and rushed after them. Katherine limited up the yard steps, through the fundamental entryway, and vanished into the gateway. Langdon crossed the limit behind her and could see Katherine was at that point moving over the lobby and down the fundamental passage toward the sound of voices. Past her, obvious toward the finish of the corridor, was a lounge area table where a lady in a security uniform was sitting with her back to them. â€Å"Officer!† Katherine yelled as she ran. â€Å"Where is Peter Solomon?† Langdon hurried after her, however as he did as such, a startling development got his attention. To one side, through the lounge window, he could see the carport door was presently swinging closed. Odd. Something different grabbed his attention . . . something that had been escaped him by the glare of the turning lights and the blinding high pillars when they drove in. The about six vehicles left heedlessly in the carport looked in no way like the squad cars and crisis vehicles Langdon had envisioned they were. A Mercedes? . . . a Hummer? . . . a Tesla Roadster? Right then and there, Langdon likewise understood the voices he heard in the house were only a TV blasting toward the lounge area. Wheeling in moderate movement, Langdon yelled down the corridor. â€Å"Katherine, wait!† Yet, as he turned, he could see that Katherine Solomon was done running. She was airborne. Section 95 Katherine Solomon realized she was falling . . . be that as it may, she was unable to make sense of why. She had been running a few doors down toward the security watch in the lounge area when abruptly her feet had gotten ensnared in an imperceptible deterrent, and her whole body had swayed forward, cruising through the air. Presently she was coming back to earth . . . for this situation, a hardwood floor. Katherine slammed down on her stomach, the breeze driven brutally from her lungs. Over her, an overwhelming coat tree wavered problematically and afterward toppled over, scarcely missing her on the floor. She raised her head, despite everything heaving for breath, confounded to see that the female security watch in the seat had not moved the slightest bit. More odd still, the toppled coat tree seemed to have a meager wire joined to the base, which had been extended over the lobby. Why on the planet would somebody . . . ? â€Å"Katherine!† Langdon was yelling to her, and as Katherine moved onto her side and glanced back at him, she felt her blood go to ice. Robert! Behind you! She attempted to shout, yet she was all the while panting for breath. Everything she could do was watch in startling moderate movement as Langdon surged a few doors down to support her, totally unconscious that behind him, Agent Hartmann was faltering over the edge and grasping his throat. Blood showered through Hartmann's hands as he grabbed at the handle of a long screwdriver that projected from his neck. As the operator pitched forward, his assailant came into full view. My God . . . no! Bare aside from an odd underwear that resembled an undergarment, the monstrous man had obviously been covering up in the hall. His strong body was secured from head to toe with unusual tattoos. The front entryway was swinging shut, and he was surging a few doors down after Langdon. Specialist Hartmann hit the floor similarly as the front entryway hammered shut. Langdon looked surprised and spun around, yet the inked man was at that point on him, pushing a gadget into his back. There was a glimmer of light and a sharp electrical sizzle, and Katherine saw Langdon go unbending. Eyes solidified wide, Langdon swayed forward, crumbling down in an incapacitated store. He fell hard on his calfskin pack, the pyramid tumbling out onto the floor. Without even a look down at his casualty, the inked man ventured over Langdon and set out straightforwardly toward Katherine. She was at that point slithering in reverse into the lounge area, where she c

Gun Control4 essays

Firearm Control4 articles In todays society, one of the serious issues we face is the utilization, and abuse of firearms. Firearms are savage weapons that can change a people life truly and inwardly, generally when it isn't utilized appropriately. Numerous individuals have in any event one handgun either in handbags or in homes for assurance, while others own firearms for their own pleasure. Regardless of the way that a firearm can ensure an individual during self-protection, it can likewise be perilous in light of the fact that it can damage and execute somebody. On the off chance that a firearm is kept at home, the possibility of an individual hurting a relative other than an interloper, is multiple times higher (Bender 140). Despite the fact that it might fill in as a security to an individual, it can likewise be abused. This is the reason it should just be constrained to the utilization of specialists, for example, the administration, marines and the police. Demise by weapons is extremely regular in America. Now and then the casualties are popular individuals like Ronald Regan, or President Lincoln. Regularly the casualty is a conventional resident, for example, a family member or companion (Newton 7). This is one motivation behind why the utilization of firearms should just be restricted to specialists. The individuals who own a firearm may have direction, and that is, to ensure oneself, while others use it against one another. Claiming a firearm may spare lives during a thievery, however it will likewise put many individuals in danger. An individual who is separated from everyone else around evening time may speculate a gatecrasher wandering around the house and takes shots at the suspect, not realizing that it was only a companion. Weapons that are kept at home are frequently inadvertently utilized against family or companions (Bernards 59). Another way that weapons are regularly utilized against one another is when brutality and cont entions turn crazy. An individual wild won't think and pull out a firearm to attempt to take care of the issue. More mishaps happen when one uses their own handguns than avoidance of criminal assault (Bender 140). Claiming a firearm can likewise get under the control of an off-base individual. A kid probably won't realize that the weapon he is ... <! Weapon Control4 papers Weapon control is an issue that has been bantered by Americans since the 1960s (Dolan 1). The discussion addresses the privilege of Americans to remain battle ready, this including, handguns, shotguns, and rifles. Some state a straightforward limitation of these arms is all together while some figure they ought to be restricted by and large (Dolan 1). The two sides hold solid feelings regularly causing struggle in the issue and disarray among the residents of the United States. In any case, the adversaries do concur that a demise pace of 30 million per year because of the ground-breaking and fatal weapon is excessively high; just they have various perspectives on the best way to bring down this rate. These arms, demonstrated by insights, give the aftereffect of 30 million killings, suicides, and incidental passings every year (Dolan 1). The quantity of guns is assessed to be more than 150 million and dwarf the entirety of our own vehicles, trucks, and transports by in excess of 25 million (Dolan 7). An enormous level of these guns are held by half of the countries families that generally use them for the legal insurance of their homes and will in all probability never be utilized (Dolan 7). Also, the millions more are kept by capable athletes for chasing, trapshooting, and sport shooting, this was an answer from Dolan to an English guest to America, who was flabbergasted by the figures of guns (7). Id state that the United States is an equipped camp, said the English guest (Dolan 7). In despondence to Dolans shielding the a large number of firearms claimed by residents for security or game, the Englishman stated, One hundred and fifty million weapons. It doesnt matter what theyre utilized for. I theyre stacked someones bound to get hurt.(Dolan 7-8). America has one of the most noteworthy demise rates because of weapons, be that as it may, firearm passings are on the ascent in different nations, for example, Great Britain, France, Germany, and Australia (Hawkes 4). In the United States handguns are utilized in more than 184,00... <!

An Outline of Research Paper is an Important Part of Writing a Paper

An Outline of Research Paper is an Important Part of Writing a PaperWhile writing an outline of research paper is a tough task, it can be an important step to ensure that you put in the required effort to finish the work that you want to do. In order to give your outline the proper shape and direction, here are some tips that you can follow.The first thing that you should do is define what you are going to write about in your research paper. This is the first and foremost step in ensuring that your outline is in the correct format. It is often difficult to determine if your research paper is very important and you are doing the right thing or whether it should be written down in a brief manner that does not make sense.In this case, it is important to have a solid outline of research paper that you can follow. When it comes to organizing your research paper, you should start with the header and footer section. At the end of each of these sections, you should find a short summary of th e data that you are going to present. Keep in mind that this information will become part of your paper.While writing your outline of research paper, you need to make sure that you are providing enough information. Do not go overboard with it. You do not want to use your outline as a laundry list. It is better to summarize what you have said briefly in a few sentences.For your outline of research paper, you can decide to split it into sections and then fill them up as you go. Start by taking out all of the information that you think you do not need. Write down the information that you will include in the introduction of your research paper and also write down the things that you will consider in the body of the paper.Once you have decided on the outline of research paper, you should always be consistent when writing. It is important to stick to the style that you have given to yourself. Stick to it for a while and the tone of your research paper will change.With the outline of resea rch paper in place, you can easily add other sections where you will talk about the sources that you will use. But before this, it is important to understand the importance of having a clear outline. It will help you get through the research work better and you will get a better idea about what your research paper will look like.

Essay on Racism - 1251 Words

Racism Racism has often played a central role in conflicts between groups of people. Racism is the intentional or unintentional use of power to isolate, separate and exploit others as defined in the Webster dictionary. People generally respond to others differently based on what they know, which may include superficial characteristics often associated with race. This paper will express my opinion of how racism will effect America. I will base information from Webster’s definition of Racism, reading assigned for the course, and some of my own ideas on ways to overcome this obstacle as a nation. Racism has historically been defined as the belief that race is the primary determinant of human capacities, that a certain race is inherently†¦show more content†¦This is like asking a man to forsake his own children and love the children of his neighbors, since to do otherwise would be racist. The point of this argument should be obvious: There is only one nonarbitrary point at which such a line may be drawn, and that is at the community of all the human beings on the planet. Given the increasingly integrated, globalized era in which we live, and the ecological, social and economic problems requiring resolution, the task will be to create institutions at the global level which will provide space to debate and deal with those problems in ways consistent with the cosmopolitan liberal commitment. At Neumann, students are taught a well rounded curriculum to excel regardless of ethnicity. Many of the classes taken at this college are centered around individual thought and expression. Neumann goal is to welcome or embrace diversity. While attending various other colleges, this was not the focus or goal of the college. Neumann broadens ones horizons to look beyond the visual that one see and focus on the person as a whole without any reference to race, gender, or nationality. Fredricksons analysis is probably one of the most direct and functional definitions of racism of our times. He put it out in the for front to be read by all In reading, this writer felt as if he feels that racism can easily become interchangeable with religious bigotry when facing corporatism that aims to alienate and devalue humanShow MoreRelatedRacism : Racism And Racism1544 Words   |  7 PagesTo understand whether or not racism is learnt, we first have to divulge into the nature of racism. It is usually assumed that racism has been a part of civilisation since civilisation started, that it is embedded into how people work and that no matter what, it will always exist. 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It is the enemy of freedom, and it deserves to be met head-on and stamped out.† - Pierre Berton Racism is the unjust hate for any people who are simply different for a various array of reasons. It is all around us and always will be, but that does not give us the right to be passive on the subject. This discrimination against culturally diverse people is hurting our â€Å" land of the free†, one racist remark at a time.Read MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1181 Words   |  5 PagesThis issue of racism is popular by name but tends to be sugar coated by the way people see it. In order to truly understand racism you need to take a bite into the topic in order to get a taste of what it is really like. Racism comes in many different forms and can be seen many different ways. But why even care about racism at all? Why does it even matter? One would think that with such a harsh background regarding racism in America it would no longer exist in society today. But sadly that is notRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism989 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in America Racism discrimination has been one of our society’s most horrible social problems. In the words of the famous Martin Luther King judging an individual by the color of their skin rather than the content of their character can be a very dehumanizing experience that can have lasting effects on an individual life. Racism in America has not come to a cease. Racism promotes negative personal relations between people of different cultures. I believe slavery started around the 1500sRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism996 Words   |  4 PagesCovert Racism Introduction Racism; ‘the belief that races have distinctive cultural characteristics determined by hereditary factors and that this endows some races with an intrinsic superiority over others’ (Collins English Dictionary 2012) and thus leading to ‘abusive or aggressive behaviour towards members of another race on the basis of such a belief’ (Collins English Dictionary 2012). Over time, racism has transformed from a blatant and overt form into a passive style of prejudice and discriminationRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1094 Words   |  5 PagesRacism has been an issue that has caused controversial debates for years. It is a topic that stirs up lots of emotions within people and continues to be an argument for all. When there has been a shooting between a white and a colored or a cop and a colored person, people blame it on racism. They state that since the white cop shot the black man it simply means the cop was racist. Then the people want to speak that justice needs to be served and the cop needs to be put in prison or released fromRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1751 Words   |  8 PagesRacism Social Justice Topic Issue Corbin Metz H R – 3013 University of Oklahoma Racism Social Justice Topic Issue Today in our society, racism is a very popular social justice topic issue, which affects many of the lives of those around us on a daily basis. Individuals as well as organizations and institutions widely commit the act of racism and these issues are embedded in their policies, procedures, and practices (Calgary). The first signs of racism beginning to arise in the worldRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1971 Words   |  8 PagesRacism has come to be a very important topic in today’s society. Many are talking about the injustices when it comes mostly when it comes to African-Americans and Caucasians in authority. Many have deemed the incidents of Trayvon Martin, Freddie Gray, Sandra Bland, Walter Scott, Akai Gurley, Tamir Rice, the Spring Valley High School video, and even the Charleston Shooting to name a few as reactions to racism. Out of the people talking about these events, only a few really know the meaning of racismRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism2243 Words   |  9 PagesRacism, a topic which has become especially touchy in modern times. It is quite clear that racism is alive not only in the United States, but across the globe. Though the topic is widely talked about, nobody really does anything to stop it. People will be quick to elaborate on the fact that it should be stopped, then make no changes themselves. Yet do they truly understand the concepts of racism and what it really means to be racist? Granted everybody understands that it is racist to hate a group

I Am A Student For All Intents And Purposes - 1465 Words

I have selected a student that for all intents and purposes, I will call her Zaire who is 16 years old. She is from Mexico City. However, she has dual citizenship because her parents are both from Denver. It kind of surprised me when I found out she spoke minimal English because she looks like she is from Northern Ireland, with red hair and blue eyes. Her parents had been missionaries and lived in various parts of Mexico until about 3 years ago. According to Zaire, her family spent roughly 16 years living in Mexico returning only long enough to renew Visas. Her mom and dad spoke English in the home while they lived in Mexico however her education was in Spanish and because of that she knows very basic conversational English. Her ACCESS score is a level 3 meaning that her English skills are developing and she requires visual supports to help her fully summarize key concepts in class. She has two brothers one older and one younger. Zaire’s older brother was born here and start ed school before the family moved to Mexico. He is 19 and speaks fluent English; he came with her to back to school night, instead of her parents. Her younger brother was born after they returned to Denver and has not started his education yet. I have not met him but, she stated that he can speak both English and Spanish. I have not had the pleasure of meeting her parents. They seem to travel frequently for work and her older brother is in charge of most of her daily activities. Zaire’s language isShow MoreRelatedPlan for Suspect Interview Pe Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesPlan for Suspect Interview PE 1. Date of Interview: 2. Student Name: 3. Class Name and Number: CITP 118-AW 4. Name of Suspect: Spencer Gavoni 5. Location of Interview: My partner and I will interview the suspect, Gavoni, at the procurement building in a traditional office setup. We will clearly communicate with his Supervisor, Carl Rodgers, and request an office to use. 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In addition, an effective learning environment includes an understanding of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island students learning needs and incorporates differentiated teaching methods to meet the needs o f specific students’ abilities (1.4 - 1.5 AITSL, 2011). Therefore, toRead MoreApplication Of The Program : Conscious Discipline1640 Words   |  7 Pagesteacher, I am often tasked with growing students who have not achieved much success in the traditional classroom structure. Often times my students do not respond well to typical behavior management strategies. These students tend to be highly emotional and reactive in their responses to stimuli as opposed to working through those situations in a rational process. Last year Harrison County offered a three-part Conscious Discipline training led by Donna Porter and the infamous D.J. Batiste. I foundRead MoreMr. Vernon Howard Intersects Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesprovide beneficial information for current undergraduate students. 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I am writing concerning this issue because of my desire to share with

Managing People And Organisation Renew Beauty Clinic

Question: Describe about the Managing People And Organisation for Renew Beauty Clinic. Answer: Introduction The problem identified in the case study reflects on the dissent among employees at the Renew Beauty Clinic due to the strict regulations implemented by the new food services managers, Bruce Gillespie. The staff members, especially the kitchen staff, under the supervision of Bruce feel that the leadership has become autocratic (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The origin of the problem could be validated in context of the death of the previous manager, Brian Jackson, who was known for following a democratic leadership style and implementing a friendly atmosphere in the workplace. The lack of motivation among employees has caused in several detriments for the clinic, the foremost being the degradation of service and food quality. Problem Identification and Analysis: Evidence from the case study indicating the problem include the inclusion of assembly lines, limitations on timing of coffee and lunch breaks, separation of responsibilities and appointing the kitchen staff for certain tasks of cleaners. The new manager, Bruce, introduced starting and finishing times for the employees alongside new conditions for compensation on the basis of overtime work. The preference of Bruce for monthly planning of menus as well as selecting specific meals for particular days of the week are also prominent evidences of the factors which led to dissent among employees (Burke Noumair, 2015). The shifting of responsibilities of cleaning staff to the kitchen staff also accounted for the problem identified in the case study of Renew Beauty clinic. The outcomes could also be perceived as the evidence for the happening incident in the case study. The increasing number of sick leaves, confusion among workers and limited conversation among employees could be considered as profound evidence of the lack of motivation among employees. The conflict between the newly appointed kitchen supervisor, Leslie McCardle, and one of the skilled kitchen staff, Ms. Tara ONeill, is also an evidence of the friction between employee motivation and leadership style adopted by the new food services manager (Bush Middlewood, 2013). Impact of the problem on Renew Beauty Clinic: The problem identified in the case study has consequential outcomes for the organization in the case study i.e. Renew Beauty Clinic. The formality among employees increased and could be observed in the compliance of employees to the starting and finishing times specified by Bruce. Employees became so formal that they left work at the specified finishing time, even when the work was not completed (Clegg, Kornberger Pitsis, 2015). The communication among employees also reduced to minimum as a result of the strict work regimen implemented by Bruce. The impact of Bruces autocratic leadership style was also reflected in pressure on employees due to aggravation of tasks and thus employees were frequently subjected to illnesses. The assembly lines and monthly menus established by Bruce also created ambiguity of responsibilities which subsequently resulted in delays in preparation of food. Furthermore, the other staff members and patients started complaining about the taste of the food and degradation in standards of food served as compared to that was provided earlier (Coombs, 2014). In addition, to the existing impacts of the problem faced by the organization, the potential implications for resignations and imminent issues also serve as pitfalls for the organization due to the identified problem i.e. an inappropriate leadership style followed by the new manager, Bruce. Statement of Major problem: The primary cause of the problem can be observed in the military career of the new food services manager, Bruce. The perception of a friendly workplace atmosphere as inefficient and detrimental to productivity by the manager has led to the proliferation of several complications in the organizations kitchen operations (Cusworth Franks, 2013). The arrangement of assembly lines and monthly menus as well as assessment measures for increasing productivity implemented by Bruce can be considered as prolific measures for the organizations management. However, Bruce has failed to offer a supportive framework to the employees for coping with newly established regulations and thus irregularities are bound to arise. Furthermore, the orders of Bruce to refrain from consuming any food in the kitchen disturbed employees as they were used to having lunch and coffee at a large table in the kitchen corner. Even though Bruce implemented the measure for preserving hygiene, employees perceive it as a di ctatorial imposition (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). Management theory for explaining the problem: The management theory which can be used for describing the problem identified in the case study is related to selection of an appropriate leadership style. Leadership styles have been promising elements of business management as they are considerable determinants of employee motivation and performance (Kirton Greene, 2015). The strict regulations implemented by Bruce Gillespie can be validated by the use of autocratic leadership style in which the leader or the manager communicates objectives and tasks to employees without any consultation or consideration of employee preferences. Supporting research: Research in the form of secondary information enabled the interpretation of causes for the problem identified in the case study. The secondary information comprised of literature related to business management and research activity executed by academics and scholars (Martin Siebert, 2016). The research enabled recognition of the disparities between distinct leadership styles such as democratic, autocratic and participative leadership styles. Thus, the research allowed identification of the relevance of business management theory to the case study. Generation Evaluation of Range of Alternative solutions: Appointment of a mentor in order to assist Bruce in changing his leadership style according to the preference of the situation. Replacement of Bruce as the food service manager and appointing a new manager is also a potential remedy for the identified problem Implementation of control over decision making authority of Bruce by the senior management. Introducing weekly and monthly review meetings involving Bruce, kitchen staff and the director of the organization Mrs. Alison Drum in order to identify and resolve potential sources of friction consistently (Stark, 2015) Improvisation of physical infrastructure of the organization such as spacious dining table or an employee lounge with seating facilities as well as hiring competent support staff to coordinate the activities of staff in absence of the food service manager (Senge, 2014). Evaluation of first alternative: Appointing a mentor for the newly appointed manager, Bruce Gillespie, in order to inform him about the preferences for leadership in the organization as well as with respect to the employees is the first alternative (Stark, 2015). Mentoring has been widely perceived as the most promising resource to induce experience in an individual. The clinic could prefer the selection of an experienced manager from another department of the organization in order to communicate the organization specific management paradigms to Bruce. Bruce should be informed that the operations of a clinic are different from that of the army and hence the imposition of strict regulations and adopting an autocratic leadership style could result in complicacies as evident in the case study (Stone, 2013). The mentor would help Bruce in changing his managerial style through integration of a participative approach as followed by Brian, the previous manager. The mentor could also describe the impact of participative leadership style in their departments in order to explain it significance in context of the present problem faced by Bruce and the organization (Thomson Thomson, 2012). The advantages of mentoring include the following: Explaining the significance of participative leadership style to Bruce would assist him in recognizing the causes for inefficiency of employees in event of his newly implemented regulations. This would help Bruce in resolving the questions which arise with respect to the supervisory measures followed by him. The participative leadership style has been successful in sustaining productivity of employees as observed in the case of Brian. Bruce could implement the participative leadership in order to ensure that employees cope with the new regulations amiably without any formidable restraints. The illustration of participative leadership in other departments by the mentor could also help Bruce in considering the potential outcomes of participative leadership in his department i.e. kitchen (Watson, 2013). This would also enable him to identify the relevant skills of individual employees and thus the idea of assembly lines can be implemented effectively alongside increment of productivity as desired by Bruce. The disadvantage can be illustrated as: The military background of Bruce could be a potential barrier in case of appointing a mentor for him. The experience of 20 years in the military possessed by Bruce could cause apprehensions related to working under a mentor. Adopting a comparatively new leadership style can be difficult for Bruce and the proficiency of Bruce in managing as per a new leadership style could be easily brought under question. The participative leadership style accounts for collecting opinions from employees and it may not be possible for Bruce to incorporate the suggestions of individual employees in his managerial approach (Wolf, 2012). Supporting research for the solution indicates that the solution of appointing a mentor for transitioning Bruces leadership style into participative has been supported in various research activities. Secondary research is the prominent resource for validating the solution as participative approach has been associated with efficient change management. The case study depicts a formidable example of organizational change in which the leader i.e. Bruce has to convince the employees and motivate them for accepting the change (World Health Organization, 2016). Discussion with employees as a part of participative leadership contributes to the transparent communication between employees and manager, thereby strengthening the authority of the manager and respect of employees for managers decisions. Evaluation of second alternative: Replacement of Bruce with a new food services manager could also be considered as a plausible option for the problem. In event of the complications arising due to the leadership style of Bruce and the conflicts arising due to it, replacing Bruce with a new manager could be a promising solution. The management of the clinic must consider the recruitment of a new and experienced manager in kitchen supervision (Stark, 2015). The new manager should be selected on the basis of a revised job description. The job description is revised on the basis of comprehensive job analysis in order to recognize the tasks, responsibilities, objectives and behaviour of a food service manager The advantages could be noticed as follows: The recruitment of a new manager would ensure relief for employees as they are highly unsatisfied with Bruces behaviour. This could contribute to higher employee involvement and performance. Selection of candidates for the job of food services manager on the basis of a revised job description would ensure recruitment of a candidate who is the right fit for the job. The newly appointed manager also has the opportunity to implement skills and experience in limiting the regulations implemented by Bruce, thereby inducing the workplace atmosphere as prevalent during the time of Brian Jackson as the food service manager (Martin Siebert, 2016). The disadvantages of the solution include: The process of recruitment involves substantial investment in the advertisement, selection and training processes. Expulsion of Bruce from the present job would also entail another investment in the form of a severance pay since Bruces contract would have to be terminated in advance of the stipulated period. The position of food services manager would remain vacant till the recruitment of a new manager. Therefore, the kitchen department could be subject to severe irregularities in absence of a managerial authority. Furthermore, there is no specific validation related to the efficiency of the new manager. Supporting research for the solution suggests that the functional aspects of an organization are realized with the help of human resources of an organization. The employees in the clinic are perceived as the human resources of Renew Beauty Clinic. Motivation is an imperative requirement for employee performance as identified in business management theories. Therefore, the organization could not risk the performance of employees for the strict regulations implemented by Bruce (Kirton Greene, 2015). Furthermore, the loyalty of long term employees is also affected due to the actions of Bruce and hence his expulsion serves as an appropriate solution to the problem identified in the case study. Recommendation: The recommended solution for the problem is to replace Bruce with a new manager. The solution will have a direct impact on the psyche of employees as they would be content with the decision of Bruces removal (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). The new manager would be selected according to predefined criteria of participative leadership style. Hence employees could be motivated since they would be able to express their opinions and thus the previous friendly atmosphere can be restored in the kitchen department. Implementation The solution would facilitate higher level of motivation in employees since the new manager would consider fulfilment of minimal needs such as coffee and lunch breaks as well as communication among employees. Inhibition of strict rules could enable employees to complete their tasks on time as well as efficiently (Martin Siebert, 2016). The improved morale of employees also contributes to the competence of manager who can introduce innovative and favourable strategies to improve customer service. The solution would enable restoration of previous standards of food quality, thereby enhancing customer satisfaction. Evidence for feasibility of solution: The example of Brian Jacksons leadership style and its impact on the employees as well as the perception of Brian as a friendly leader by employees can be considered as profound evidence for the solutions feasibility in Renew Beauty Clinic. Solution in context of management theory: The management theory which could be used for explaining the solution is the implications of leadership styles in human resource management. It has been proved that participative leaders are more likely to adapt to a particular workplace environment and derive managerial efficiency without risking the integrity of the existing environment. Conclusion: Research for supporting the solution could be observed in business management literature. Recruitment of new manager with a participative approach for leadership accounts for flexible adaptability of employees to change (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). 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